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For courses in Literature for Composition, Writing About Literature, and Introduction to Literature. This version of Literature and the Writing Process has been updated to reflect the 8th Edition of the MLA Handbook (April 2016)* Great literature as a path to learning writing and critical-thinking skillsGreat literature is always thought provoking, always new - why not use it to improve students' writing skills and sharpen critical thinking?Literature and the Writing Process combines an introductory anthology with detailed instruction in the writing process. By seamlessly integrating literature and composition into one multi-purpose text, the authors enable students to enjoy, understand, and learn from imaginative literature - and to write clearly and intelligently about what they have learned.Text writing assignments use literature as a tool of critical thought, a method for analysis, and a way of communicating ideas. Careful integration of rhetorical instruction with the critical study of literature guides students through the allied processes of analytical reading and argumentative writing. As a result, students learn how to write essays about the major features that are involved in interpreting short stories, poems, and plays. * The 8th Edition introduces sweeping changes to the philosophy and details of MLA works cited entries. Responding to the "increasing mobility of texts," MLA now encourages writers to focus on the process of crafting the citation, beginning with the same questions for any source. These changes, then, align with current best practices in the teaching of writing which privilege inquiry and critical thinking over rote recall and rule-following.
Contents
NOTEContents by GenreContents by ThemePrefaceI. COMPOSING: AN OVERVIEW1. The Prewriting Process2. The Writing Process3. Writing a Convincing Argument4. The Rewriting Process5. Researched WritingII. WRITING ABOUT SHORT FICTION6. How Do I Read Short Fiction?7. Writing About Structure8. Writing About Imagery and Symbolism9. Writing About Point of View10. Writing About Setting and Atmosphere11. Writing About Theme12. Critical Casebook: Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?"13. Anthology of Short Fiction14. A Portfolio of Science Fiction Stories15. A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Stories16. A Portfolio of Stories about Singular WomenIII. WRITING ABOUT POETRY17. How Do I Read Poetry?18. Writing About Persona and Tone19. Writing About Poetic Language20. Writing About Poetic Form21. Critical Casebook: The Poetry of Langston Hughes22. The Art of Poetry23. Anthology of Poetry24. Paired Poems for Comparison25. A Portfolio of Poems about Work26. A Portfolio of War Poetry27. A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical PoetryIV. WRITING ABOUT DRAMA(28. How Do I Read a Play?29. Writing About Dramatic Structure30. Writing About Character31. Critical Casebook: The Glass Menagerie: Interpreting Amanda32. Anthology of Drama33. A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Plays34. Critical Approaches for Interpreting Literature35. Critical Casebook: Reading and Writing About Culture and IdentityGlossary of Literary and Rhetorical TermsCreditsIndex of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of PoetrySubject IndexContents by GenreContents by ThemePrefaceI. COMPOSING: AN OVERVIEW1. The Prewriting ProcessReading for WritingJames Joyce, EvelineWho Are My Readers?Analyze the AudienceWhy Am I Writing?Reasons for WritingWhat Ideas Should I Use?Reading and Thinking CriticallyDiscovering and Developing IdeasSelf-QuestioningDirected FreewritingProblem SolvingSample Student Prewriting: Directed FreewritingClusteringSample Student Prewriting: ClusteringWhat Point Should I Make?Relate a Part to the WholeFinding the ThemeStating the Thesis2. The Writing ProcessHow Should I Organize My Ideas?Arguing Your InterpretationThe Elements of Good ArgumentBuilding an Effective ArgumentArranging the IdeasDeveloping with DetailsQuestions for ConsiderationMaintaining a Critical FocusDistinguishing Critical Comments from Plot DetailsHow Should I Begin?Postpone If Nothing ComesWrite an Appealing OpeningState the ThesisHow Should I End?Relate the Discussion to ThemePostpone or Write AheadWrite an Emphatic Final SentenceComposing the First DraftPausing to RescanQuoting from Your SourcesSample Student Paper: First Draft3. Writing a Convincing ArgumentInterpreting and Arguing Identifying IssuesMaking ClaimsUsing EvidenceUsing ReasoningAnswering Opposing ViewsOrganizing Your ArgumentUsing the Inductive ApproachMaking a CounterargumentArguing through ComparisonSample Student Paper: An ArgumentDagoberto Gilb, Love in L. A.4. The Rewriting ProcessWhat Is Revision?Getting Feedback: Peer ReviewRevising in Peer GroupsWhat Should I Add or Take Out?Outlining After the First DraftMaking the OutlineChecking the OutlineSample After-Writing OutlineExamining the Sample OutlineWhat Should I Rearrange?Does It Flow?What Is Editing?Combining for ConcisenessRearranging for Emphasis and VarietyVarying the PatternWhich Words Should I Change?Check Your VerbsUse Active Voice Most of the TimeUse Passive If AppropriateFeel the WordsAttend to ToneUse Formal LanguageWhat Is Proofreading?Try Reading It BackwardLook for Your Typical ErrorsRead the Paper AloudFind a Friend to HelpSample Student Paper: Final Draft5. Researched WritingUsing Library Sources in Your WritingConducting Your ResearchLocating SourcesUsing the Online CatalogUsing Indexes and DatabasesUsing the InternetEvaluating Online SourcesUsing Reference Works in PrintWorking with SourcesTaking NotesUsing a Research NotebookUsing the Printout/Photocopy OptionSummarizing, Paraphrasing, and QuotingDevising a Working OutlineWriting a First DraftOrganizing Your NotesUsing Quotations and ParaphrasesIntegrating SourcesBlock QuotationsQuoting from Primary SourcesAvoiding PlagiarismRewriting and EditingDocumenting Your SourcesRevising the DraftFormatting Your PaperSample Student Paper in MLA StyleSample Published Article in MLA StyleExplanation of the MLA Documentation StyleIn-Text CitationsPreparing the List of Works CitedSample Entries for a List of Works CitedCiting Print PublicationsCiting Online PublicationsCiting Other Common SourcesII. WRITING ABOUT SHORT FICTION6. How Do I Read Short Fiction?Notice the StructureConsider Point of View and SettingStudy the CharactersLook for Specialized Literary TechniquesExamine the TitleInvestigate the Author's Life and TimesContinue Questioning to Discover Theme7. Writing About StructureWhat Is Structure?How Do I Discover Structure?Looking at StructureTim O'Brien, The Things They CarriedPrewritingFinding PatternsWritingGrouping DetailsRelating Details to ThemeIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingIntegrating Quotations Gracefully8. Writing About Imagery and SymbolismWhat Are Images?What Are Symbols?Archetypal SymbolsPhallic and Yonic SymbolsHow Will I Recognize Symbols?Reference Works on SymbolsLooking at Images and SymbolsShirley Jackson, The LotteryPrewritingInterpreting SymbolsWritingProducing a Workable ThesisIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingSharpening the IntroductionSample Student Paper on Symbolism: Second and Final Drafts9. Writing About Point of ViewWhat Is Point of View?Describing Point of ViewLooking at Point of ViewAlice Walker, Everyday UsePrewritingAnalyzing Point of ViewWritingRelating Point of View to ThemeIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingSharpening the Conclusion10. Writing About Setting and AtmosphereWhat Are Setting and Atmosphere?Looking at Setting and AtmosphereTobias Wolff, Hunters in the SnowPrewritingExamining the Elements of SettingWritingDiscovering an OrganizationIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingChecking Your OrganizationImproving the Style: Balanced Sentences11. Writing About ThemeWhat Is Theme?Looking at ThemeFlannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to FindPrewritingFiguring Out the ThemeStating the ThemeWritingChoosing Supporting DetailsIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingAchieving CoherenceChecking for CoherenceEditingRepeat Words and SynonymsTry Parallel Structure12. Critical Casebook: Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?"Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?The Story's OriginsFour Critical InterpretationsTopics for Discussion and WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal Project13. Anthology of Short FictionNathaniel Hawthorne, The BirthmarkEdgar Allan Poe, The Cask of AmontilladoSarah Orne Jewett, A White HeronKate Chopin, The Story of an HourCharlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow WallpaperJames Joyce, ArabyKatherine Anne Porter, The GraveZora Neale Hurston, SpunkWilliam Faulkner, Barn BurningErnest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsArna Bontemps, A Summer TragedyTillie Olsen, I Stand Here IroningHisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen SyllablesRosario Morales, The Day It HappenedRaymond Carver, What We Talk About When We Talk About LoveT. Coraghessan Boyle, The Love of My LifeLouise Erdrich, The Red Convertible14. A Portfolio of Science Fiction StoriesRay Bradbury, There Will Come Soft RainsUrsula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasOctavia E. Butler, Speech SoundsMultiModal ProjectSample Student Paper: Comparing Dystopias15. A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical StoriesH. H. Munro ("Saki"), The Open WindowJohn Updike, A & PMargaret Atwood, Happy EndingsRon Hansen, My Kid's DogMultiModal Project16. A Portfolio of Stories about Singular WomenKatherine Mansfield, Miss BrillJohn Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsEudora Welty, A Worn PathKatherine Min, Secondhand WorldMultiModal ProjectIII. WRITING ABOUT POETRY17. How Do I Read Poetry?Get the Literal Meaning First: ParaphraseMake Associations for Meaning18. Writing About Persona and ToneWho Is Speaking?What Is Tone?Recognizing Verbal IronyDescribing ToneLooking at Persona and ToneTheodore Roethke, My Papa's WaltzW. D. Ehrhart, Sins of the FatherThomas Hardy, The Ruined MaidW. H. Auden, The Unknown CitizenEdmund Waller, Go, Lovely RosePrewritingAsking Questions About the Speaker in "My Papa's Waltz"Devising a ThesisConsidering the Speaker in "The Sins of the Father"Describing the Tone in "The Ruined Maid"Developing a ThesisDescribing the Tone in "The Unknown Citizen"Formulating a ThesisDetermining Tone in "Go, Lovely Rose"WritingExplicating and AnalyzingIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectEditingQuoting Poetry in EssaysSample Student Paper: Reflection on Persona and ToneAnalyzing the Student Response19. Writing About Poetic LanguageWhat Do the Words Suggest?Connotation and DenotationFigures of SpeechMetaphor and SimilePersonificationImagerySymbolParadoxOxymoronLooking at Poetic LanguageMary Oliver, AugustWalt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient SpiderWilliam Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?Kay Ryan, TurtleHayden Carruth, In the Long HallDonald Hall, My Son My ExecutionerPrewritingExamining Poetic LanguageWritingComparing and ContrastingIdeas for WritingIdeas for Responsive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingChoosing Vivid, Descriptive TermsFinding Lively WordsSample Student Paper on Poetic Language: Second and Final Drafts20. Writing About Poetic FormWhat Are the Forms of Poetry?Rhythm and RhymeAlliteration, Assonance, and ConsonanceExercise on Poetic FormStanzas: Closed and Open FormPoetic SyntaxVisual PoetryLooking at the Forms of PoetryGwendolyn Brooks, We Real CoolA. E. Housman, Eight O'ClockE. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how townRobert Frost, The Silken TentBilly Collins, SonnetDavid Shumate, A Hundred Years from NowRoger McGough, 40-----LovePrewritingExperimenting with Poetic FormsWritingRelating Form to MeaningIdeas for WritingIdeas for Expressive WritingIdeas for Critical WritingIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal ProjectRewritingFinding the Exact WordSample Student Paper on Poetic FormSample Published Essay on Poetic Form21. Critical Casebook: The Poetry of Langston HughesLangston Hughes: A Brief BiographyLangston HughesThe Negro Speaks of RiversMother to SonThe Weary BluesSaturday NightHarlem (A Dream Deferred)Theme for English BConsidering the PoemsCritical CommentariesArnold Rampersad, On the Persona in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"Margaret Larkin, A Poet for the PeopleKaren Jackson Ford, Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes's Aesthetics of SimplicityPeter Townsend, Jazz and Langston Hughes's PoetryLangston Hughes, Harlem Rent PartiesIdeas for Writing About Langston HughesIdeas for Researched WritingMultiModal Project22. The Art of PoetryPoetic Interpretations of ArtLisel Mueller, American LiteratureEdward Hopper, NighthawksSamuel Yellen, NighthawksSusan Ludvigson, Inventing My ParentsPeter Brueghel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux ArtsPaolo Uccello, St. George and the DragonU. A. Fanthorpe, Not My Best SideVincent Van Gogh, The Starry NightAnne Sexton, The Starry NightHenri Matisse, The Red StudioW. D. Snodgrass, Matisse: 'The Red Studio' Kitagawa Utamaro, Two Women Dressing Their HairCathy Song, Beauty and SadnessThe Art of Poetry: Questions for DiscussionPoetry and Art: Ideas for WritingMultiModal ProjectSample Student Paper: Reflection on Poetry and Art23. Anthology of PoetryThomas Wyatt, They Flee from MeWilliam ShakespeareWhen in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's EyesLet Me Not to the Marriage of True MindsThat Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me BeholdMy Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the SunJohn DonneDeath, Be Not ProudThe FleaA Valediction: Forbidding MourningAndrew Marvell, To His Coy MistressWilliam BlakeThe LambThe TygerThe Sick RoseWilliam WordsworthThe World Is Too Much with UsI Wandered Lonely as a CloudGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley, OzymandiasJohn Keats, Ode on a Grecian UrnAlfred, Lord Tennyson, UlyssesWalt WhitmanWhen I Heard the Learn'd AstronomerSong of Myself (Section 11)Matthew Arnold, Dover BeachEmily DickinsonFaith Is a Fine InventionI'm Nobody! Who Are You?Much Madness Is Divinest SenseBecause I Could Not Stop for DeathSome Keep the Sabbath Going to ChurchWild Nights-Wild Nights!Christina Rossetti, In an Artist's StudioGerard Manley HopkinsPied BeautySpring and FallA. E. HousmanTo an Athlete Dying YoungLoveliest of TreesWilliam Butler Yeats The Second ComingSailing to ByzantiumEdgar Lee MastersLucinda MatlockMargaret Fuller SlackPaul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the MaskRobert FrostMending WallBirches"Out, Out-"
