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The Most Complete, Easy-to-Follow Guide to Ubuntu Linux "As an in-depth guide to Ubuntu, this book does an exceptional job of covering everything from using the Unity desktop to exploring key server configurations."-Elizabeth K. Joseph, Systems Administrator & Ubuntu Community Member The #1 Ubuntu resource, fully updated for Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr)-the Long Term Support (LTS) release Canonical will support into 2019 Extensive new coverage of installation, security, virtualization, MariaDB, Python Programming, and much more Updated JumpStarts help you set up many complex servers in minutes Hundreds of up-to-date examples, plus four updated indexes deliver fast access to reliable answers Mark Sobell's A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux (R), Fourth Edition, is the most thorough and up-to-date reference to installing, configuring, securing, and working with Ubuntu desktops and servers.This edition has been fully updated for Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr), a milestone LTS (Long Term Support) release, which Canonical will support on both desktops and servers into 2019.Sobell walks you through every essential feature and technique, from installing Ubuntu to working with the latest Ubuntu Unity desktop, and from configuring servers and monitoring networks to handling day-to-day system administration. His exceptionally clear explanations demystify everything from Apache, Samba, and postfix, to ufw, virtualization, and MariaDB/MySQL database management. PLUS a new chapter on programming in Python, today's most popular system automation tool!Fully updated JumpStart sections quickly help you get complex servers running-often in minutes. You'll also find up-to-date guidance on new LPI and CompTIA Linux certification pathways for Linux professionals.Sobell draws on his immense Linux knowledge to explain both the "hows" and the "whys" of Ubuntu. He's taught hundreds of thousands of readers and never forgets what it's like to be new to Linux. Whether you're a user, administrator, or programmer, you'll find everything you need here-now, and for years to come.The world's most practical Ubuntu Linux book is now even more useful!This book deliversCompletely revamped installation coverage reflecting Ubuntu 14.04's improved ubiquity (graphical) and debian-installer (textual) installers Updated JumpStarts for quickly setting up Samba, Apache, postfix, FTP, NFS, CUPS, OpenSSH, DNS, and other complex servers Revamped and updated explanations of the ufw, gufw, and iptables firewall tools An all-new chapter on creating VMs (virtual machines) locally and in the cloud New coverage of the MariaDB open source plug-in replacement for MySQL Comprehensive networking coverage, including DNS/BIND, NFS, NIS, FTP, LDAP, and Cacti network monitoring Expert coverage of Internet server configuration and customization, including apache2 (Web) and postfix (mail) A new chapter covering state-of-the-art security techniques, including sudo, cryptography, hash functions, SSL certificates, plus a section on using GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) to protect documents in transit Deep coverage of essential administration tasks-from managing users to CUPS printing, and from configuring LANs and LDAP to building VMs (virtual machines) Complete instructions on keeping systems up to date using apt-get, dpkg, and other tools And much more . . . including a revised 500+ term glossary and four indexes
Contents
Preface xliiiChapter 1: Welcome to Linux 1The History of UNIX and GNU-Linux 2Overview of Linux 11Choosing an Operating System 19Chapter Summary 21Exercises 21Part I: Installing Ubuntu Linux 23Chapter 2: Installation Overview 25Conventions Used in This Book 26More Information 29Planning the Installation 30Ubuntu Releases, Editions, and Derivatives 35Setting Up the Hard Disk 38Downloading an Image File and Burning/Writing the Installation Medium 47Chapter Summary 53Exercises 54Advanced Exercises 54Chapter 3: Step-by-Step Installation 55Booting Ubuntu and Running a Live Session 56Basic Installation 59Advanced Installation 71Chapter Summary 93Exercises 94Advanced Exercises 94Part II: Using Ubuntu Linux 95Chapter 4: Introduction to Ubuntu 97Curbing Your Power: root Privileges/sudo 98Logging In on the System 99Working with the Unity Desktop 104Using the Nautilus File Manager 108The System Settings Window 113Getting Help 118Installing, Removing, and Updating Software Packages 121Working from the Command Line 125More About Logging In and Passwords 142Chapter Summary 145Exercises 146Advanced Exercises 147Chapter 5: The Shell 149Special Characters 150Ordinary Files and Directory Files 151The Command Line 152Standard Input and Standard Output 159Running a Command in the Background 171Filename Generation/Pathname Expansion 173Builtins 178Chapter Summary 178Exercises 179Advanced Exercises 181Chapter 6: The Linux Filesystem 183The Hierarchical Filesystem 184Ordinary Files and Directory Files 185Pathnames 189Working with Directories 191Access Permissions 199ACLs: Access Control Lists 206Links 211Chapter Summary 217Exercises 219Advanced Exercises 220Chapter 7: The Linux Utilities 223Basic Utilities 224Working with Files 232Compressing and Archiving Files 253Displaying User and System Information 260Miscellaneous Utilities 263Editing Files 270Chapter Summary 280Exercises 282Advanced Exercises 283Chapter 8: Networking and the Internet 285Introduction to Networking 286Types of Networks and How They Work 288Communicate over a Network 307Network Utilities 308Distributed Computing 315WWW: World Wide Web 325Chapter Summary 327Exercises 328Advanced Exercises 328Part III: System Administration 331Chapter 9: The Bourne Again Shell (bash) 333Background 334Startup Files 335Commands That Are Symbols 339Redirecting Standard Error 339Writing and Executing a Shell Script 342Control Operators: Separate and Group Commands 347Job Control 352Manipulating the Directory Stack 355Parameters and Variables 358Special Characters 372Locale 374Time 377Processes 379History 382Aliases 398Functions 402Controlling bash: Features and Options 404Processing the Command Line 409Chapter Summary 420Exercises 421Advanced Exercises 423Chapter 10: System Administration: Core Concepts 425The Upstart Event-Based init Daemon 427System Operation 437GRUB: The Linux Boot Loader 444Recovery (Single-User) Mode 450Textual System Administration Utilities 454Setting Up a Server 460DHCP: Configures Network Interfaces 464nsswitch.conf: Which Service to Look at First 468X Window System 471Getting Help 476Chapter Summary 477Exercises 478Advanced Exercises 478Chapter 11: Files, Directories, and Filesystems 479Important Files and Directories 480File Types 493Filesystems 497The XFS Filesystem 506Chapter Summary 507Exercises 508Advanced Exercises 508Chapter 12: Finding, Downloading, and Installing Software 509Introduction 510JumpStart: Installing and Removing Software Packages Using apt-get 512Finding the Package That Holds an Application or File You Need 514APT: Keeps the System Up to Date 515dpkg: The Debian Package Management System 524BitTorrent 531Installing Non-dpkg Software 533Keeping Software Up to Date 535curl: Downloads Files Noninteractively 536Chapter Summary 536Exercises 537Advanced Exercises 537Chapter 13: Printing with CUPS 539Introduction 540The System Configures a Local Printer Automatically 542JumpStart I: Configuring a Printer Using system-config-printer 542JumpStart II: Setting Up a Local or Remote Printer 544Working with the CUPS Web Interface 548Configuring Printers 549Traditional UNIX Printing 557Printing from Windows 558Printing to Windows 560Chapter Summary 560Exercises 561Advanced Exercises 561Chapter 14: Administration Tasks 563Configuring User and Group Accounts 564Backing Up Files 568Scheduling Tasks 573System Reports 576Maintaining the System 578Chapter Summary 593Exercises 594Advanced Exercises 594Chapter 15: System Security 595Running Commands with root Privileges 596Passwords 615Securing a Server 616PAM 621Cryptography 626GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) 641Security Resources 656Chapter Summary 659Exercises 660Advanced Exercises 660Chapter 16: Configuring and Monitoring a LAN 661More Information 662Setting Up the Hardware 662Configuring the Systems 666NetworkManager: Configures Network Connections 667Setting Up Servers 672Introduction to Cacti 674Chapter Summary 683Exercises 684Advanced Exercises 685Chapter 17: Setting Up Virtual Machines Locally and in the Cloud 687VMs (Virtual Machines) 688gnome-boxes 690QEMU/KVM 691VMware Player: Installing Ubuntu on VMware 698Cloud Computing 703Chapter Summary 708Exercises 709Advanced Exercises 709Part IV: Using Clients and Setting Up Servers 711Chapter 18: The OpenSSH Secure CommunicationUtilities 713Introduction to OpenSSH 714Running the ssh, scp, and sftp OpenSSH Clients 716Setting Up an OpenSSH Server (sshd) 727Troubleshooting 735Tunneling/Port Forwarding 735Chapter Summary 738Exercises 739Advanced Exercises 739Chapter 19: The rsync Secure Copy Utility 741Syntax 742Arguments 742Options 742Examples 745Chapter Summary 752Exercises 752Chapter 20: FTP: Transferring Files Across a Network 753Introduction to FTP 754Running the ftp and sftp FTP Clients 756Setting Up an FTP Server (vsftpd) 764Chapter Summary 777Exercises 778Advanced Exercises 778Chapter 21: postfix: Setting Up Mail Servers, Clients, and More 779Overview 780Introduction to postfix 781Setting Up a postfix Mail Server 784JumpStart: Configuring postfix to Use Gmail as a Smarthost 787Configuring postfix 789SpamAssassin 797Additional Email Tools 801dovecot: Setting Up an IMAP or POP3 Mail Server 807Chapter Summary 810Exercises 811Advanced Exercises 812Chapter 22: NIS and LDAP 813Introduction to NIS 814Running an NIS Client 817Setting Up an NIS Server 822Introduction to LDAP 830Setting Up an LDAP Server 833Chapter Summary 839Exercises 840Advanced Exercises 840Chapter 23: NFS: Sharing Directory Hierarchies 843Introduction to NFS 845Running an NFS Client 847Setting Up an NFS Server 853automount: Mounts Directory Hierarchies on Demand 863Chapter Summary 866Exercises 867Advanced Exercises 867Chapter 24: Samba: Linux and Windows File and Printer Sharing 869Introduction to Samba 870Running Samba Clients 874Setting Up a Samba Server 878Troubleshooting 887Chapter Summary 889Exercises 890Advanced Exercises 890Chapter 25: DNS/BIND: Tracking Domain Names and Addresses 891Introduction to DNS 892Setting Up a DNS Server 904Configuring a DNS Server 907Chapter Summary 920Exercises 921Advanced Exercises 921Chapter 26: ufw, gufw, and iptables: Setting Up a Firewall 923ufw: The Uncomplicated Firewall 924gufw: The Graphical Interface to ufw 927Introduction to iptables 932Building a Set of Rules Using iptables 937Copying Rules to and from the Kernel 944Sharing an Internet Connection Using NAT 945Chapter Summary 948Exercises 949Advanced Exercises 949Chapter 27: Apache (apache2): Setting Up a Web Server 951Introduction 952Running an Apache Web Server 954Configuration Directives 961Advanced Configuration 984Troubleshooting 990Modules 991webalizer: Analyzes Web Traffic 997Error Codes 997Chapter Summary 998Exercises 998Advanced Exercises 999Part V: Programming Tools 1001Chapter 28: Programming the Bourne Again Shell (bash) 1003Control Structures 1004File Descriptors 1038Parameters 1044Variables 1053Builtin Commands 1062Expressions 1078Implicit Command-Line Continuation 1085Shell Programs 1086Chapter Summary 1096Exercises 1098Advanced Exercises 1100Chapter 29: The Python Programming Language 1103Introduction 1104Scalar Variables, Lists, and Dictionaries 1108Control Structures 1114Reading from and Writing to Files 1119Regular Expressions 1123Defining a Function 1124Using Libraries 1125Lambda Functions 1129List Comprehensions 1130Chapter Summary 1131Exercises 1132Advanced Exercises 1132Chapter 30: The MariaDB SQL Database Management System 1135History 1136Notes 1136Installing a MariaDB Server 1140Setting Up MariaDB 1141Examples 1145Chapter Summary 1157Exercises 1157Advanced Exercises 1157Part VI: Appendixes 1159Appendix A: Regular Expressions 1161Characters 1162Delimiters 1162Simple Strings 1162Special Characters 1162Rules 1165Bracketing Expressions 1166The Replacement String 1166Extended Regular Expressions 1167Appendix Summary 1169Appendix B: Help 1171Solving a Problem 1172Finding Linux-Related Information 1173Specifying a Terminal 1175Appendix C: Keeping the System Up to Date Using yum 1177Installing and Removing Software Packages Using yum 1178Working with yum 1179Appendix D: LPI and Comptia Certification 1183More Information 1184Linux Essentials 1184Certification Exam 1 Objectives: LX0-101 1198Certification Exam 2 Objectives: LX0-102 1214Glossary 1231JumpStart Index 1285File Tree Index 1287Utility Index 1291Main Index 1297
