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Full Description
From cities to biofuels, competition for water is accelerating. Climate change threatens to intensify the onset and severity of the water crisis in several regions of the developing world: this is already happening throughout much of Asia, the Mediterranean, southwestern Australia, and the southwestern US. Along with water shortages, unsafe water becomes an increasingly widespread problem, too. As water crises trigger food and health crises, billions may slip further into poverty, leading to greater social and political unrest, new wars, and worsening national security. Out of Water doesn't just illuminate the coming global water crisis: it presents innovative solutions in agriculture, engineering, governance, and beyond, including state-of-the art techniques for integrated water management. This book will help raise the level of debate about water to the highest levels of government, and identify workable reforms and incentives to help water users utilize this crucial resource far more efficiently.
Contents
Acknowledgments xiiAbout the Authors xivForeword xviiPreface xxiChapter 1 Not Another Crisis! 1Why Is Water Important? 1Some Water Facts 4Chapter 2 From Abundance to Scarcity in 25 Years 15The River Jordan 18The South Asian Groundwater Phenomenon 25The Murray-Darling Basin 30The Colorado River 35Lessons from History 40Chapter 3 Causes of Water Scarcity 45Introduction 45Blue and Green Water 48Causes of Water Scarcity 48Population Growth Impact 50Dietary Change 52Biofuel Production 53Urbanization, Globalization, and Other Factors 55Climate Change Impact 56Conclusion 57Chapter 4 Climate Change and Water 59What Are the Most Likely Impacts of Climate Change? 61Climate Change Impacts in Asia 66Climate Change Impacts in Australia 70Does Water Have a Role in Mitigating Climate Change? 72Adapting to Climate Change 73Conclusion 75Chapter 5 Agriculture and Water 77Why Is Irrigation So Important? 92Virtual Water and Water Footprints 95How Can We Achieve More "Drop Per Drop"? 97Urban Water Reuse for Agriculture 100Conclusion 101Chapter 6 Water, Food, and Poverty 103The Big Picture-Farming and Poverty 105Nature and Poverty 107Irrigation and Poverty-Learning from Asia 109Groundwater and Poverty 112Women, Water, and Food 114Water as Welfare 116Conclusion 117Chapter 7 Integrating Water Planning and Management 119Integrated Water Resources Management 121Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Developing World 122What Happens to Our Waste? 126Recycling and Reuse of Wastewater 128Multiple Use Water Systems 133Conclusion 135Chapter 8 Water Governance for People and the Environment 139Understanding Water's Unique Properties 142A New Blueprint 144Going Local 146The Farmers Will Do It for Themselves 148The Participation Principle 150Recognizing Informal Institutions-The Commons and Community Management 152Rivers 153Conclusion 155Chapter 9 Water Rights and Water Costs 157Water Allocation Mechanisms 159South African Water Policy 160Water Allocation and Pricing in the United States 162The Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 166The Situation in Other Countries 169The Economics of Water 170Lessons from Complexity? 176Conclusion 178Chapter 10 Solving the World's Water Problems 1831. If You Can't Measure It, You Can't Manage It 1852. Treasure the Environment 1873. Reform Water Governance 1894. Revitalize Agricultural Water Use 1925. Manage Urban and Industrial Demand 1986. Empower the Poor and Women in Water Management 201Conclusion 204Endnotes 207Chapter 1 207Chapter 2 207Chapter 3 209Chapter 4 210Chapter 5 211Chapter 6 213Chapter 7 214Chapter 8 215Chapter 9 216Chapter 10 218Index 221
