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Full Description
Sex and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Differences in Cardiac Electrical Disorders Between Men and Women is a comprehensive investigation into all aspects of sex differences in cardiac electrophysiology. As there are substantial differences between female and male patients in physiology, pathology triggering factors, disease progression, clinical approaches and treatment outcome, this book provides a comprehensive examination. In cardiology, the differences between women and men are more recognized, hence this title summarizes these important differences, providing the essential information needed for clinical specialists and researchers involved in the design and implementation of clinical studies.
Contents
Introduction
1. Distinction between sex and gender
2. What is sex good for?
Cellular and Tissue Electrophysiology
3. Sex differences in cardiac ion channels
4. Atrial and ventricular tissue electrophysiology
5. Cardiac conduction system
Electrocardiography
6. Morphology of normal resting electrocardiogram
7. QRS duration
8. Sex differences in QRS fractionation and slurring abnormalities
9. QT interval and QT/RR relationship
11. T wave morphology and ventricular gradient
12. T wave alternans
13. Sex-specific definitions of electrocardiographic abnormalities
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation
14. Baseline autonomic characteristics
15. Cardiac autonomic responses to provocative stimuli
16. Circadian pattern of autonomic status
Effects of Sex Hormones
17. Electrophysiological cellular effects of sex hormones
18. Development of electrocardiographic sex differences during puberty
19. Electrophysiologic changes during menstrual cycle
20. Electrocardiographic changes after heart transplantation
21. Cardiac rhythm changes during menopause
Channelopathies
22. Congenital long QT syndrome
23. Congenital short QT syndrome
24. Brugada syndrome
Drug-Induced Electrophysiology Abnormalities
25. Mechanisms of drug-induced QT interval prolongation
26. Mechanisms and incidence of Torsade de Pointes tachycardia
Training and Sport
27. Electrophysiological adaptations to endurance and strength training
28. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation
29. Arrhythmias due to athletic training
Cardiomyopathies and Inherited Disorders
30. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
31. Dilated cardiomyopathy
32. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
33. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
34. Cardiac electrophysiology in sex chromosome aneuploidies
35. Takotsubo syndrome
Supraventricular Tachycardias
36. Supraventricular ectopies
37. Focal supraventricular tachycardia
38. Accessory pathway and atrio-ventricular reentrant tachycardia
39. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
40. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia
41. Ablation of nodal and atrio-ventricular accessory pathways
Atrial Fibrillation
42. Rate control of atrial fibrillation
43. Cardioversion
44. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
45. Demographics and procedural data differences of AF ablation
46. Monitoring and follow-up after atrial fibrillation ablation
47. Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulation therapy
48. Quality of life with AF
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
49. Electrocardiographic manifestation of suspected acute coronary syndromes
50. Acute MI and cardiogenic shock arrhythmias
51. Arrhythmias of subacute phase of MI
52. Sex-specific arrhythmia risk of post-MI follow-up
53. Sex Differences in Intensive Care Unit Electrocardiographic Alarms
54. Predictive value of admission electrocardiography in heart failure
Ventricular Tachycardias
55. Ventricular arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease
56. Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease
57. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias
58. Mapping and catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias
Electrophysiology in Pregnancy
59. Hormonal and autonomic electrophysiologic effects of pregnancy
60. Supraventricular tachycardias during pregnancy
61. Atrial fibrillation during pregnancy
62. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia during pregnancy
63. Pregnancy in congenital long QT and Brugada syndrome patients
64. Pregnancy and implanted devices
65. Fetal arrhythmia in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Sudden Cardiac Death
66. Demographics and epidemiology
67. Sudden Infant death syndrome
68. Cardiac risk in the young
69. Sex-specific mechanisms of sudden cardiac death
70. Sex-specific risk assessment of sudden cardiac death
Drug Therapy
71. Safety and efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs
72. Dose responses in acquired long QT syndrome
73. Acquired long QT syndrome and sex hormones
74. Management of arrhythmias in pregnancy
Device Based Therapies
75. Antibradycardia pacing
76. Primary and secondary prevention of SCD in women
77. Utility of Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
78. ICD registries and sex-specific metanalyses
79. Clinical experience with the use of CRT in women
80. CRT registries and sex-specific metanalyses
81. Lead extraction in women
82. Quality of life with implanted devices
Outlook
83. Obstacles for enrolment of women in clinical trials
84. Regulatory implications of sex differences in clinical trials
