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Full Description
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly replacing traditional materials, such as metals, for applications in the aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Because of the relatively recent development of these composites there is extensive on-going research to improve the understanding and modelling of their behaviour - particularly their failure processes. As a consequence there is a strong demand among design engineers for the latest information on this behaviour in order to fully exploit the potential of these materials for a wide range of weight-sensitive applications. Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites explores the main types of composite failure and examines their implications in specific applications.Part one discusses various failure mechanisms, including a consideration of manufacturing defects and addressing a variety of loading forms such as impact and the implications for structural integrity. This part also reviews testing techniques and modelling methods for predicting potential failure in composites. Part two investigates the effects of polymer-matrix composite failure in a range of industries including aerospace, automotive and other transport, defence, marine and off-shore applications. Recycling issues and environmental factors affecting the use of composite materials are also considered.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites is a valuable reference for designers, scientists and research and development managers working in the increasing range of industries in which composite materials are extensively used. The book will also be a useful guide for academics studying in the composites field.
Contents
Contributor contact detailsPart I: Failure mechanismsChapter 1: Progress in failure criteria for polymer matrix composites: A view from the first World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE)Abstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Aims of the first World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE)1.3 Setting up test problems1.4 Description of available models1.5 Design problems solved1.6 Gaps identified1.7 Current activities1.1 Conclusions1.2 AcknowledgementsChapter 2: Manufacturing defects as a cause of failure in polymer matrix compositesAbstract:2.1 Introduction and basic requirements2.2 Sources of variability and defects in composite mouldings2.3 Impact of residual stresses and geometrical distortions on performance2.4 Impact of voidage and delaminations on inplane and out-of-plane properties2.5 Impact of misaligned, wavy and wrinkled reinforcements on in-plane and out-of-plane properties2.6 Approaches to minimize the impact of manufacturing defects2.7 Future trendsChapter 3: Low- and medium-velocity impact as a cause of failure in polymer matrix compositesAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Impact damage3.3 Impact response3.4 Strength and stability after impact3.5 Computational models3.6 Future trends3.7 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 4: Structural integrity of polymer matrix composite panels in fireAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Temperature distribution4.3 Material behavior at elevated temperature4.4 Global buckling4.5 Skin wrinkling of sandwich panels4.6 Plastic micro-buckling4.7 Other aspects of structural integrity in fireChapter 5: Testing the toughness of polymer matrix compositesAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.3 Translaminar fracture toughness testing5.4 Ply-Level Fracture Toughness Testing5.5 ConclusionsChapter 6: Testing the strength and stiffness of polymer matrix compositesAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Key issues6.3 In-plane testing6.4 Out-of-plane testing6.5 Biaxial in-plane testing6.6 Triaxial testing6.7 Concluding commentsChapter 7: Fibre-dominated compressive failure in polymer matrix compositesAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 The physics of fibre kinking in unidirectional plies7.3 Compressive failure in two-dimensional woven composites7.4 Compressive failure in recycled composites7.5 Conclusions7.6 AcknowledgementPart II: Failure mechanisms in specific applicationsChapter 8: Considerations of failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites in the design of aerospace structuresAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Design considerations8.3 Structural considerations8.4 Designing for damage in composites8.5 Materials-based approaches8.6 Structures-based approaches8.7 ConclusionsChapter 9: Failure of polymer matrix composites in defence applicationsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Ballistic damage of composite structures9.3 Implications for preventing failure9.4 Trends in modeling composite failures in military applicationsChapter 10: Failure of polymer matrix composites in marine and off-shore applicationsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Material types10.3 Failure of composite materials for surface vessels10.4 Failure of composite materials for underwater structures10.5 Modelling failure10.6 Future trendsChapter 11: Recycling issues in polymer matrix compositesAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 The problems of reuse in polymer composites11.3 Plastic waste disposal into other materials11.4 Mechanical recycling of polymeric matrix composites11.5 Recovery techniques11.6 Properties of recovered fibres11.7 Future strategies for making polymer matrix composites more recyclable11.8 Conclusions11.11 Appendix: abbreviationsChapter 12: Failure of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) in automotive and transportation applicationsAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) used in automotive and road transportation applications12.3 Scope of the chapter12.4 Common in-service conditions causing failure12.5 Sheet molding compound (SMC) composites12.6 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) for crashworthy structures12.7 Implications of preventing failure12.8 Future trendsChapter 13: Environmental induced failure in fibre-reinforced plasticsAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Chemical agents and degradation mechanisms13.3 Environmental conditioning and testing13.4 Modelling and predictive analysis13.5 Optimising chemical resistance and prevention of failure13.6 Conclusions and future trends13.7 Sources of further information and advice13.8 Acknowledgements13.10 Appendix: standardsIndex
