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Full Description
Problems from Philosophy is an introduction to philosophy which is organized around the great philosophical problems-the existence of God, the nature of the mind, human freedom, the limits of knowledge, and the truth about ethics. It begins by reflecting on the life of the first great philosopher, Socrates. Then it takes up the fundamental question of whether God exists. Next comes a discussion of death and the soul, which leads to a chapter about persons. The later chapters of the book are about whether objective knowledge is possible in science and ethics. Each chapter is self-contained and may be read independently of the others. Problems from Philosophy represents the final work of author and philosopher James Rachels. In it, he brings the same liveliness and clarity to the introduction of philosophy that he brings to his best-selling ethics text, The Elements of Moral Philosophy. The second and third edition have been revised by Rachels' son Stuart, who carefully has carefully refined his father's work to further strengthen its clarity and accessibility.
Contents
Contents Preface About the Third Edition 1.THE LEGACY OF SOCRATES 1.1 Why Was Socrates Condemned? 1.2 Why Did Socrates Believe He Had to Die? 2.2 The Argument from Design 2.3 Evolution and Intelligent Design 2.4 The First Cause Argument 2.5 The Idea That God Is a Necessary Being 3.THE Soul 4.2 Is There Any Credible Evidence of an Afterlife? 4.3 Hume's Problem 5.2 Personhood at a Time 5.3 Personhood over Time 5.4 Bodily Continuity 5.5 Memory 6.BODY AND MIND 6.1 Descartes and Elizabeth 6.2 Materialist Theories of the Mind 6.3 Doubts about Materialist Theories 7.COULD A MACHINE THINK? 7.1 Brains and Computers 7.2 An Argument That Machines Could Think 7.3 The Turing Test 7.4 Why the Turing Test Fails 8.THE CASE AGAINST FREE WILL 8.1 Are People Responsible for What They Do? 8.2 Determinism 8.3 Psychology 8.4 Genes and Behavior 9.THE DEBATE OVER FREE WILL 9.1 The Determinist Argument 9.2 The Libertarian Response 9.3 The WORLD AROUND US 10.1 Vats and Demons 10.2 Idealism 10.3 What Evidence for These Views Might Be Like 10.4 Descartes' Theological Response 10.5 Direct vs. Indirect Realism 10.6 Vision and the Brain 10.7 Conclusion 11. ETHICS AND OBJECTIVITY 11.1 Thrasymachus's Challenge 11.2 Is Ethics Just a Matter of Social Conventions? 11.3 Ethics and Science 11.4 The Importance of Human Religion 12.3 The Social Contract 12.4 Morality and Benevolence 13. THE Death 13.4 Religion and the Indifferent Universe 13.5 The Meaning of Particular LivesAppendix: How to Evaluate ArgumentsNotes on SourcesIndexNER(01): WOW
