Full Description
The Student Writerto helping students become better writers by helping them develop their own successful writing processes and by helping them become reliable critics and editors of their own texts. It also maintains the text's commitment to demonstrating the importance of writing across the curriculum, in the workplace, and in students' private lives.
Contents
Part 1 Strategies for Reading and WritingChapter 1: The Reading-Writing ConnectionReading AnalyticallyStep One: Preview the MaterialStep Two: Read ThoughtfullyStep Three: Review and Write for RetentionA Sample Marked TextJohn Holt"School Is Bad for Children"Writing in Response to ReadingWriting a SummaryHoward Rohan "What John Holt Finds Wrong with Schools"Sharing Personal Reactions and AssociationsSusan Schantz "School Was Bad for Me"Evaluating an Author's IdeasEssays for Reading and ResponseAmy Tan"Democracy"Bill McKibben "The Environmental Issue from Hell"Analyzing Visual ContentAnalyzing AdvertisementsAnalyzing PhotographsAnalyzing Charts and GraphsChapter 2Getting StartedThe Writing ProcessSix Areas of the Writing ProcessChoosing a Writing TopicPay Attention to the World around YouFreewriteFill in the BlanksNarrow a Broad TopicFreewriteWrite a ListConsider the Patterns of DevelopmentMap Your Broad TopicAnthony's Essay in Progress: Discovering a Writing TopicEstablishing Your PurposeIdentifying and Assessing Your AudienceAnthony's Essay in Progress: Establishing Purpose and Identifyingand Assessing AudienceDiscovering Ideas to Develop Your TopicFreewriteWrite a ListAnswer QuestionsWrite a MapWrite a LetterInvestigate SourcesKeep a JournalWorking Collaboratively: Discovering IdeasPrewriting at the ComputerProcess Guidelines: Breaking Through Writer's BlockDeveloping a Preliminary ThesisThe Qualities of an Effective ThesisProcess Guidelines: How to Draft Your Preliminary ThesisProcess Guidelines: The Sequence of Your Writing ProcessAnthony's Essay in Progress: Discovering Ideas and Developinga Preliminary ThesisWriting AssignmentChapter 3Organizing and DraftingProcess Guidelines: Evaluating Your IdeasOrdering Your IdeasChronological OrderSpatial OrderProgressive OrderOutliningThe Formal OutlineOutline CardsThe Outline WorksheetThe Outline TreeThe Scratch OutlineProcess Guidelines: OutliningAnthony's Essay in Progress: OutliningWriting Your First DraftStructuring Your EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssayMarcie Katz Banning Alcohol on College CampusesThe IntroductionProcess Guidelines: Drafting IntroductionsBody ParagraphsQualities of an Effective Topic SentencePlacement of the Topic SentenceThe Implied Topic SentenceQualities of an Effective Supporting DetailsWhen to Begin a New ParagraphProcess Guidelines: Drafting Body ParagraphsThe ConclusionProcess Guidelines: Drafting ConclusionsDrafting the Title of Your EssayAnthony's Essay in Progress: The First DraftWriting AssignmentChapter 4Revising for Content and OrganizationProcess Guidelines: Preparing to ReviseThink like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising ContentThink like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising OrganizationAchieving CoherenceUse Transitions to Achieve CoherenceUse Repetition to Achieve CoherenceUse Transitions and Repetition to Achieve Coherencebetween ParagraphsWorking Collaboratively: Revising with Reader ResponseProcess Guidelines: Revising with Reader ResponseProcess Guidelines: Breaking through Writer's BlockRevising at the ComputerAnthony's Essay in Progress: Revising the First DraftChapter 5Revising for Effective ExpressionThink like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising SentencesUse Active VoiceUse Coordination Use SubordinationAchieve Sentence VarietyUse Parallel StructureThink like a Critic; Work like an Editor: Revising DictionUse an Appropriate Level of DictionUse Words with an Appropriate ConnotationAvoid Colloquial LanguageUse Specific DictionUse Simple DictionUse Gender-Neutral, Inoffensive LanguageEliminate WordinessAvoid ClichesProcess Guidelines: Revising Sentences and WordsComputer Tips for Revising Sentences and WordsAnthony's Essay in Progress: The Final DraftPart 2Patterns of DevelopmentChapter 6DescriptionWhy Is Description Important?Occasions for Writing: Description across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Description with Other PatternsSelecting DetailFocus Your Description with a Dominant ImpressionDetermine Your Need for Objective and Subjective DescriptionUse Concrete Sensory DetailUse Similes, Metaphors, and PersonificationConsider Your Purpose and AudienceBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing DescriptionVisualizing a Descriptive EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysAdell Lindsey"A Day at the Fair"Jerry Silberman"My First Flight"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysJames Tuite"The Sounds of the City"Lynn Sherr"Anguished Cries in a Place of Silence"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentSuzanne Berne"Where Nothing Says Everything"Organization Note: Short ParagraphsDescription in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing DescriptionChapter 7NarrationWhy Is Narration Important?Occasions for Writing: Narration across the Disciplines and BeyoeCombining Narration with Other PatternsSelecting DetailAnswer the Journalist's QuestionsWrite DialogueDescribe a Person, Place, or SceneTell Your Story for a ReasonConsider Your Purpose and AudienceBe a Responsible WriterUsing Sources for a PurposeOrganizing NarrationVisualizing a Narrative EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysDonald J. Monaco"The Ball Game"Brian DeWolf "The Great Buffalo Hunt"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysPaul Hemphill"The Girl in Gift Wrap"Maya Angelou"The Boys"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentAnwar Accawi "The Telephone"Punctuation Note: ParenthesesNarration in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing NarrationChapter 8ExemplificationWhy Is Exemplification Important?Occasions for Writing: Exemplification across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Exemplification with Other PatternsSelecting DetailConsider Examples from a Variety of SourcesUse Description and Narration as ExamplesUse Hypothetical ExamplesUse the Right Number of ExamplesConsider Your Purpose and AudienceBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing ExemplificationVisualizing an Exemplification EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysDelilah Rawlins"Ocean of Tears"Ken Hamner "Let's Just Ban Everything"Student Essay with ResearchThomas Baird"Media Stereotyping of Muslims as Terrorists"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysHarold Krents"Darkness at Noon"Dawn Turner Trice"Shoddy Service"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentHarvey A. Silverglate and Greg Lukianoff"Speech Codes:Alive and Well at Colleges" Style Note: SarcasmExemplification in anl ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing ExemplificationChapter 9Process AnalysisWhy Is Process Analysis Important?Occasions for Writing: Process Analysis across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Process Analysis with Other PatternsSelecting DetailInclude All the Important StepsExplain How a Step is PerformedExplain the Significance of a Step or Why It Is PerformedExplain Trouble Spots and What Not to DoMention Necessary Items and Define Unfamiliar TermsInclude Examples and DescriptionUse VisualsConsider Your Purpose and AudienceBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing a Process AnalysisVisualizing a Process Analysis EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student Essays"A Visit to Candyland"Anthony Bello "Feng Shui in the Bedroom and Workplace"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysKirby W. Stanat"How to Take a Job Interview"Ben McGrath"Wicked Wind"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentEric L. Wee"Annie Smith Swept Here"Sthle Note: Point of ViewProcess Analysis in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing Process AnalysisChapter 10Comparison-ContrastWhy Is Comparison-Contrast Important?Occasions for Writing: Comparison-Contrast across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Comparison-Contrast with Other PatternsSelecting DetailInclude Enough Points of Comparison and ContrastDraw on Other Patterns to Explain Points of Comparison and ContrastMaintain Balance between the Points DiscussedConsider Your Audience and PurposeBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing Comparison-ContrastVisualizing a Comparison-Contrast EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysGus Spirtos "The Human and the Superhuman: Two VeryDifferent Heroes"Maria Scarsella "Like Mother like Daughter"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysRachel Carson"A Fable for Tomorrow"Suzanne Britt"That Lean and Hungry Look"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentJames Poniewozik"This Is Your Nation on Steroids"Development Note: DialogueComparison-Contrast in anImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing Comparison-ContrastChapter 11Cause-and-Effect AnalysisWhy Is Cause-and-Effect Analysis Important?Occasions for Writing: Cause-and-Effect Analysis across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Cause-and-Effect Analysis with Other PatternsSelecting DetailReport Multiple Causes and EffectsIdentify Underlying Causes and EffectsProve That Something Is a Cause or EffectIdentify Immediate and Remote CausesReproduce Causal ChainsExplain Why Something Is or Is Not a Cause or an EffectConsider Your Audience and PurposeBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing Cause-and-Effect AnalysisVisualizing Cause-and-Effect AnalysisLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysCammie Bullock "Mom, There's a Coyote in the Backyard!"John Selzer "Athletes on Drugs: It's Not So Hard to Understand"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysAnne Roiphe"Why Marriages Fail"Suzanne Sievert"It's Not Just How We Play That Matters"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentJay Walljasper"Our Schedules, Ourselves"Diction Note: Specific DictionCause-and-Effect Analysis in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing Cause-and-Effect AnalysisChapter 12DefinitionWhy Is Definition Important?Occasions for Writing: Definition across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Definition with Other PatternsSelecting DetailWrite a Stipulative DefinitionDraw on Other Patterns of DevelopmentCompare or Contrast the Term with Related WordsExplain What Your Term Is NotConsider Your Audience and PurposeBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing DefinitionVisualizing a Definition EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysMaria Lopez "Parenthood: Don't Count on Sleeping until They Move Out"Melissa Greco "What Is Writer's Block"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysNicholas Thompson "Hero Inflation"Margo Kaufman"My Way!"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentDave Barry"The Pajama Game"Development Note: QuestionsDefinition in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines for Writing DefinitionChapter 13Classification and DivisionWhy Are Classification and Division Important?Occasions for Writing: Definition across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Classification and Division with Other PatternsSelecting DetailHave a Principle of Classification or DivisionBe Sure All Categories or Components Conform to Your Principle of Classification or DivisionUse Mutually Exclusive CategoriesExplain Each Category or ComponentConsider Your Audience and PurposeBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing Classification and DivisionVisualizing Classification and DivisionLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysAnita Selfe "Grocery Shoppers"Ray Harkleroad "Horror Movies"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysRussell Baker"The Plot Against People"Judith Viorst"The Truth about Lying"Kesaya E. Noda"Growing Up Asian in America"Combining Patterns of DevelopmentMartin Luther King, Jr."The Ways of Meeting Oppression"Punctuation Note: The DashDivision in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing Classification and DivisionChapter 14Combining Patterns of DevelopmentWhy Is Combining Patterns Important?Occasions for Writing: Combining Patterns across the Disciplines and BeyondCombining Classification and Division with Other PatternsSelecting and Organizing DetailLearning from Another Writer: A Student EssayCindy Apostolos "The Many Ways to Watch a Show"Learning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysJulia Alvarez"Hold the Mayonnaise"Angie Cannon and Vince Beiser"Juvenile Injustice"Peg Tyre"Boy Brains, Girl Brains"Development Note: Quoting AuthoritiesCombining Patterns in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Combining PatternsPart ThreeUsing the Patterns of DevelopmentChapter 15 ArgumentationWhy Is Argumentation Important?Occasions for Writing: Argumentation across the Disciplines and BeyondFinding an Issue and Establishing Your ClaimConsider Your Audience and PurposeKinds of SupportLogical AppealsSources of Reasons and EvidenceInductive and Deductive ReasoningAvoiding Logical FallaciesEmotional AppealsEthical AppealsRaising and Countering ObjectionsCreating GoodwillUsing the Patterns of DevelopmentBe a Responsible WriterOrganizing an Argument EssayVisualizing an Argument EssayLearning from Other Writers: Student EssaysMichael Weiss"It's Just Too Easy"Cheryl Sateri"What's for Lunch? Fast Food in the Public Schools"Student Essay with ResearchMary E. Fischer"Should Obscene Art Be Funded by the Government?"Think like a Critic; Work like an Editor: The Student Writer at WorkLearning from Other Writers: Professional EssaysWayne M. Joseph"Why I Dread Black History Month"John McCain"Torture's Terrible Toll"Alan M. Dershowitz"The Case for Torture Warrants"Style Note: EmphasisArgumentation in an ImageSuggestions for WritingProcess Guidelines: Writing ArgumentationChapter 16 Conducting ResearchWhen to ResearchThe Research ProcessChoose a Broad Research Paper TopicNarrow Your TopicUnderstand Your PurposeUnderstand the Terms of the AssignmentUse Strategies for Narrowing a TopicSkim Source MaterialsDraft a Preliminary ThesisLocate SourcesConsider the Kind of Information You NeedUse the Catalog to Locate BooksUse Reference WorksUse Indexes to Locate Periodical MaterialSearch the InternetDo Field ResearchCompile a Working BibliographyEvaluate Your SourcesTake NotesReconsider Your Preliminary ThesisOutlineWrite Your First DraftDocument Source MaterialWhat to DocumentHow To Document Source MaterialIntroducing Source MaterialWriting Parenthetical Text CitationsWriting the Works Cited Page*Using APA DocumentationHow to Avoid PlagiarismLearning from Other Writers: A Student Research PaperJulie Cooper"Genetically Modified Food: Watching What We Eat"Chapter 17 Writing with Sources and Using Proper DocumentationOutliningWriting Your First DraftPlagiarismBeing a Responsible WriterDocumenting Source MaterialRevising and Editing Your Research PaperLearning from Other Writers: A Student Research PaperJulie Cooper, "Genetically Modified Food: Watching What We Eat"Chapter 18 Assessment: Assembling a Writing Portfolio and Writing Essay Examination AnswersThe Writing PortfolioThe Purposes of a Writing PortfolioHow To Assemble Your PortfolioWhat to Include in a Self-Reflection EssayEssay Examination AnswersProcess Guidelines: Writing Essay Examination AnswersStrategies for Reducing AnxietyA Sample Essay Examination AnswerChapter 19Writing about LiteratureHow to Read LiteratureHow to Write about LiteratureLearning from Other Writers: A Student Essay with ResearchMichael Hambuchen"Symbol and Theme in 'Coca Cola and Coca Frio'"A Short Story and Poem for ResponseSaki (H.H. Munro)"The Open Window"John Heaviside"A Gathering of Deafs"Part FourA Guide to Frequently Occurring ErrorsChapter 20 Word ChoiceTroublesome PhrasingsPhrasings That Announce Your IntentUnnecessary or Faulty ModifiersFaulty SynonymsEtc.Faulty Grammar and UsageESL Note: IdiomsDouble Negatives (dn)FrequentlyConfused WordsChapter 21 Sentence Fragments Finding Sentence FragmentsCorrecting Sentence FragmentsESL Note: The Past Participe and Passive VoiceChapter 22 Run-On Sentences and Comma SplicesFinding Run-on Sentences and Comma SplicesCorrecting Run-on Sentences and Comma SplicesESL Note: Commas and Main ClausesChapter 23VerbsVerb Forms: Regular and Irregular VerbsESL Note: Incorrect Use of -D and -ED EndingsESL Note: Use of Am with the Present ParticipleIrregular Verb FormsVerb Forms: BeESL Note: Use of Has and Have with Been-S and -ES Forms-D and ED FormsSubject-Verb AgreementCompound SubjectsSubject and Verb SeparatedInverted OrderIndefinite PronounsCollective NounsRelative PronounsESL Note: Singular Verbs and Noncount NounsTense ShiftsVoice ShiftsChapter 24 PronounsPronoun-Antecedent AgreementCompound SubjectsCollective NounsIndefinite PronounsGender-Neutral PronounsPronoun ReferenceAmbiguous ReferenceUnstated ReferencePerson ShiftsReflexive and Intensive PronounsPronoun CasePronouns in CompoundsPronouns after Forms of To BePronouns in ComparisonsPronouns Followed by NounsWho, Whoever, Whom, and WhomeverESL Note: Pronoun Reference and Who, Whom, Which, or ThatChapter 25 ModifiersAdjectives and AdverbsComparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and AdverbsESL Note: A, An, and TheDangling ModifiersMisplaced ModifiersChapter 26 PunctuationThe CommaCommas with Items in a SeriesCommas with Introductory ElementsCommas to Set Off Nouns of Direct AddressCommas with Nonessential ElementsCommas with InterruptersCommas with Main ClausesCommas between Coordinate Modifiers, Commas for Clarity,and Commas to Separate Contrasting ElementsWhen Not to Use a CommaThe SemicolonThe ColonThe DashParenthesesThe ApostropheThe Apostrophe to Show PossessionThe Apostrophe to Indicate Missing Letters or Numbers and forSome PluralsESL Note: Its and It'sQuotation MarksThe Ellipsis MarkBracketsItalics and UnderliningChapter 27Capitalization, Spelling, Abbreviations, and NumbersCapitalizationESL Note: CapitalizationSpellingESL Note: SpellingThe HyphenAbbreviations and NumbersAppendix: The Parts of SpeechRevising and Editing Reference GuideRevising and Editing SymbolsNER(01): WOW
