Description
Engineer, validate, and secure IEC 61850-based protection, automation, and systems
Model-Driven Power System Automation describes formal methods for specifying, designing, commissioning, and maintaining automation systems, including digital substations, hydro power plants, wind farms, and distributed energy resources.
The book introduces foundational concepts on IEC 61850 and its various models, including substation, product, type, and service; details automation evolution with IEC 61850 capabilities and distributed systems as they apply to remote access systems, client-server systems, and peer-to-peer systems; models various applications with IEC 61850, touching on its abilities in cybersecurity, GOOSE models and system architecture; and applies IEC 61850 as a key catalyst for green energy resources, modeling its importance in hydro power, wind power, and distributed energy resources.
Model-Driven Power System Automation discusses:
- Communication models, covering communication and real-time requirements, abstract and specific interfaces, and mapping to MMS, CORBA, and Ethernet
- Functional models, covering logical and generic logical nodes, logical devices, proxies and gateways, intelligent electronic devices, and networks
- Data models, covering data modeling and hierarchy, primitive elements, namespaces, common data classes, and functional constraints
- Engineering and configuration models, covering extensible markup language, Substation Configuration Language, and substation, product, and communication models
- Challenges in lifecycle management, international standards and best practices
Model-Driven Power System Automation is an excellent reference for electrical and power system engineers, developers, systems architects, and engineering graduates who are working with digital grid technologies and seeking to support modern requirements and integrate renewable energy sources.
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xv
List of Tables xxv
List of Abbreviations xxix
About the Author xxxv
Preface xxxvii
Acknowledgments xxxix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Learning Objectives 2
1.3 Target Audience 3
1.4 Prerequisites 4
1.5 Book Contents 4
1.6 Book Conventions 6
1.7 Excluded Contents 7
1.8 Summary 7
1.9 Review Questions 7
2 Automation Evolution 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Learning Objectives 9
2.3 Substation Evolution 10
2.4 Protocol Evolution 12
2.5 Ethernet in Substations 13
2.6 Interoperability Requirements 14
2.7 Modeling Requirements 15
2.8 IEC 61850 Capabilities 19
2.9 IEC 61850 Documentation 21
2.10 Digital Substations 25
2.11 Summary 26
2.12 Review Questions 26
3 Network Models 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Learning Objectives 27
3.3 Open Systems Interconnection Model 27
3.4 Protocol Models 29
3.5 Physical Layer Model 32
3.6 Data Link Layer Model 38
3.7 Network Layer Model 42
3.8 Transport Layer Model 43
3.9 Process-level Model 46
3.10 Bay-level Model 47
3.11 Station-level Model 47
3.12 Corporate-level Model 49
3.13 Summary 56
3.14 Review Questions 57
4 Architecture Models 59
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Learning Objectives 59
4.3 Physical Machines 60
4.4 Virtual Machines 60
4.5 Distributed Models 62
4.6 Remote Access Models 65
4.7 Client–server Models 66
4.8 Remote Procedure Call Models 70
4.9 Distributed Object Models 71
4.10 Peer-to-peer Models 75
4.11 Service-oriented Models 77
4.12 Utility Communication Models 78
4.13 Distributed Real-time Models 80
4.14 Distributed Models Based on IEC 61850 81
4.15 Centralized Models Based on IEC 61850 85
4.16 Summary 86
4.17 Review Questions 87
5 IEC 61850 Models 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Learning Objectives 89
5.3 IEC 61850 90
5.4 UML Views 91
5.5 Substation Model 94
5.6 Product Model 95
5.7 Type Model 96
5.8 Communication Model 97
5.9 Functional Model 98
5.10 Data Model 100
5.11 Service Model 101
5.12 Summary 103
5.13 Review Questions 104
6 Communication Models 107
6.1 Introduction 107
6.2 Learning Objectives 107
6.3 Communication Profiles 108
6.4 Communication Messages 109
6.5 Communication Requirements 112
6.6 Real-time Requirements 113
6.7 Abstract Interfaces 117
6.8 Specific Interfaces 120
6.9 Mapping to MMS 125
6.10 Mapping to CORBA 129
6.11 Mapping to Ethernet 134
6.12 Summary 137
6.13 Review Questions 138
7 Functional Models 141
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Learning Objectives 141
7.3 Functional Modeling 142
7.4 Functions 144
7.5 Logical Nodes 147
7.6 Logical Node Attributes 154
7.7 Logical Node Extension Rules 163
7.8 Logical Node Usage 164
7.9 Generic Logical Nodes 166
7.10 PICOM Model 171
7.11 Logical Devices 174
7.12 Servers 178
7.13 Proxies and Gateways 182
7.14 Intelligent Electronic Devices 184
7.15 Networks 187
7.16 Summary 189
7.17 Review Questions 189
8 Data Models 191
8.1 Introduction 191
8.2 Learning Objectives 191
8.3 Data Modeling 192
8.4 Data Hierarchy 193
8.5 Primitive Elements 194
8.6 Namespaces 196
8.7 Data Classes 197
8.8 Common Data Classes 201
8.9 Data Attributes 204
8.10 Data Types 206
8.11 Functional Constraints 207
8.12 Summary 211
8.13 Review Questions 211
9 Service Models 213
9.1 Introduction 213
9.2 Learning Objectives 213
9.3 Abstract Services 213
9.4 Association Model 216
9.5 Logical Node Model 219
9.6 Server Model 224
9.7 Data Set Model 227
9.8 Control Model 232
9.9 File Transfer Model 239
9.10 Reporting Model 243
9.11 Logging Model 249
9.12 Setting Model 253
9.13 Substitution Model 256
9.14 Summary 258
9.15 Review Questions 258
10 Time Models 261
10.1 Introduction 261
10.2 Learning Objectives 261
10.3 Time Requirements 261
10.4 Time Sources 262
10.5 Time Distribution 263
10.6 Time Servers 265
10.7 Time Code Formats 265
10.8 Network Time Protocol 267
10.9 Precision Time Protocol 268
10.10 IEC 61850 Time Modeling 270
10.11 Summary 272
10.12 Review Questions 273
11 Message Models 275
11.1 Introduction 275
11.2 Learning Objectives 275
11.3 Message Types 275
11.4 GSE Model 280
11.5 GOOSE Model 280
11.6 GSSE Model 286
11.7 SV Model 291
11.8 R-GOOSE/SV Model 298
11.9 Synchrophasor Model 299
11.10 Summary 301
11.11 Review Questions 303
12 Engineering Models 305
12.1 Introduction 305
12.2 Learning Objectives 305
12.3 Extensible Markup Language 305
12.4 Substation Configuration Language 307
12.5 SCL File Types 308
12.6 Substation Model 310
12.7 Product Model 312
12.8 Communication Model 315
12.9 Generic Engineering Cycle 319
12.10 User Requirements 321
12.11 IEC 61850 Engineering Cycle 322
12.12 Summary 327
12.13 Review Questions 327
13 Testing Models 329
13.1 Introduction 329
13.2 Learning Objectives 329
13.3 Testing and Verification 329
13.4 Software Testing 332
13.5 Model-based Testing 335
13.6 IEC 61850 Model Test 338
13.7 IEC 61850 Model Validation 340
13.8 Object Constraint Language 341
13.9 IEC 61850 Unit Tests 342
13.10 IEC 61850 System Tests 345
13.11 Engineering Tests 346
13.12 Factory Tests 350
13.13 Interoperability Tests 352
13.14 Conformance Tests 352
13.15 Performance Tests 353
13.16 Site Tests 355
13.17 Conformance Statements 356
13.18 Summary 358
13.19 Review Questions 359
14 Security Models 361
14.1 Introduction 361
14.2 Learning Objectives 361
14.3 Cybersecurity Requirements 362
14.4 Communication Architecture 363
14.5 Power System Threats 368
14.6 Power System Vulnerabilities 370
14.7 Power System Hackers 371
14.8 Automation Security 376
14.9 Cybersecurity Domains 377
14.10 Cybersecurity Threats 379
14.11 Cybersecurity Policies 380
14.12 Cybersecurity Countermeasures 381
14.13 Corporate Security 384
14.14 Operation Security 387
14.15 Business Security 389
14.16 Substation Security 390
14.17 IEC 61850 Security 392
14.18 Summary 393
14.19 Review Questions 394
15 Automation Models 397
15.1 Introduction 397
15.2 Learning Objectives 397
15.3 Merging and Control Functions 398
15.4 Protection Functions 398
15.5 Interlocking Functions 403
15.6 Transfer Functions 404
15.7 Breaker Failure Functions 406
15.8 Monitoring Functions 406
15.9 Transformer Functions 407
15.10 Circuit Breaker Functions 408
15.11 Hydropower Functions 410
15.12 Windpower Functions 416
15.13 Teleprotection Functions 416
15.14 Wide-area Functions 421
15.15 Summary 424
15.16 Review Questions 425
Annexes 427
A.1 IEC 61850 Class Diagram 428
A.2 IEC 61850 Substation Model 429
A.3 IEC 61850 Windpower Plant Model 431
A.4 IEC 61850 Distributed Energy Resource Model 432
A.5 IEC 61850 Logical Nodes 433
A.6 IEC 61850 Acronyms 439
A.7 UML and SysML Graphical Symbols 453
A.8 Network and Security Graphical Symbols 454
A.9 Functional UML Use Case Template 456
Bibliography 459
A Tutorials 459
B Books 459
C Standards 460
D Reports 463
E Papers 465
F Videos 469
G Websites 470
Index 471
