Description
An authoritative account of the history, metallurgy, and corrosion behavior of nickel-based alloys
In Corrosion of Nickel-Based Alloys, a distinguished corrosion engineer and scientist delivers a comprehensive source of information on the history, metallurgy, and corrosion behavior of nickel-based alloys. The book combines fundamental knowledge of the metallurgy, chemistry, and electrochemistry relevant to these alloys with practical applications of these alloys in the area of corrosion.
Readers will learn to apply contemporary corrosion mechanisms and metallurgy in the selection and evaluation of these alloys. The author discusses corrosion models and their application to the development and assessment of Ni-base alloys.
Corrosion of Nickel-Based Alloys also includes:
- A thorough introduction to nickel alloys used in the nuclear, chemical, oil and gas, marine, biomedical, and aerospace industries
- Comprehensive explorations of nickel alloys used in waste treatment and pollution control systems
- Practical discussions of the corrosion behavior of nickel-base alloys in aqueous and non-aqueous environments
- Modeling approaches that augment experimental findings
Perfect for metallurgical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, petroleum, and petrochemical engineers, Corrosion of Nickel-Based Alloys will also benefit students and engineering consultants interested in corrosion-resistant alloys.
Table of Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xxi
1 History and Production of Nickel and Nickel Alloys 1
1.1 Origin and Abundance of Nickel 1
1.2 Ancient History of Nickel Usage 2
1.3 History of Industrial Usage of Nickel and Its Alloying Elements 3
1.4 Patent History 6
1.5 Production of Ni-Based Alloys 7
1.6 Supply and Usage of Nickel and Its Alloys 9
2 Physical Metallurgy of Nickel-Based Alloys 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Atomic Radius and Electronic Structure 16
2.3 Equilibrium Phase Diagrams 21
2.4 Approaches for Predicting Intermetallic Phases 36
2.5 Kinetics of Phase Transformations 43
2.6 Deformation Structures 52
2.7 Castings and Welds 57
3 Corrosion Overview 69
3.1 Electrochemical Aspects of Corrosion 69
3.2 Thermodynamic Basis of Corrosion 71
3.3 Electrochemical Kinetics 76
3.4 Modes of Corrosion 80
4 Corrosion in Reducing Environments 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Depassivation pH 111
4.3 Sulfuric Acid 115
4.4 Acid Halides and Halide Salts 130
4.5 Acid Mixtures 148
5 Corrosion in Oxidizing Environments Without Localized Corrosion 165
5.1 Introduction 165
5.2 Oxidizing Acids Without Halides 166
5.3 Chromic Acid Mixtures 186
5.4 Other Oxidizing Environments 189
6 Caustic and Mixed Solvent Environments 193
6.1 Introduction 193
6.2 Caustic Environments 194
6.3 Corrosion Behavior of Ni and Ni-alloys in Caustic 197
6.4 Supercritical Water 205
6.5 Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) 207
6.6 Supercritical Water as a Heat Exchange Medium 211
6.7 Electrochemical Studies 212
6.8 Organic Solvents 212
7 Localized Corrosion 223
7.1 Introduction 223
7.2 Effect of Solution Composition on Critical Potentials 226
7.3 Critical Temperatures 232
7.4 Effect of Alloying 236
7.5 Modeling Localized Corrosion 245
7.6 Localized Corrosion Growth Rate 249
7.7 Effect of Environmental Species and Metallurgy on Corrosion Potential 252
7.8 Effect of Phase Transformations on Pitting and Crevice Corrosion 256
7.9 Intergranular Corrosion 262
7.10 Dealloying 269
8 Environmentally Assisted Cracking 283
8.1 Introduction 283
8.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) 283
8.3 Embrittlement from Gaseous Hydrogen 292
8.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement from Cathodic Polarization 297
8.5 Fracture Modes in Hydrogen 310
8.6 Stress Corrosion Cracking in Aqueous Environments 312
8.7 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ni-base Alloys in Nuclear Reactor Environments 334
8.8 Non Aqueous Solutions 347
8.9 Liquid–Metal Embrittlement 348
9 Summary and Future 369
9.1 Future of Alloy Development 372
9.2 Future of Corrosion Modeling 372
References 375
Appendices 377
Appendix A Alloy Compositions 379
Appendix B Corrosion Data 383
B.1 Iso-Corrosion Diagrams 383
B.2 Critical Temperatures for Localized Corrosion 396
Appendix C Physical and Mechanical Properties 403
Index 407
