Description
Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels explores innovative microbial conversion technologies that offer sustainable solutions for energy production from waste biomass, addressing the urgent need for environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels.
The world’s increasing population and dependency on available fossil fuels has created a need for environmental sustainability. This need calls for innovative products that offer alternative sustainable solutions with less environmental impact. Waste biomass is a cheap renewable resource for biofuels and can be produced sustainably utilizing various biotechnological and biochemical tools.
Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels introduces microbial conversion technologies to recover energy and fuel from plant-based non-edible biomass and other organic wastes. This book serves as a platform to recognize breakthrough research for understanding the physicochemical properties of biomass, available conversion technologies, and advanced engineering for large-scale biomass processing using microbial biomass. New developments and approaches in biomass processing and characterization, conversion technologies, biofuel upgrading, and utilization are discussed. Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels seeks to provide information on recent advances in the field of biotechnology, catalysis, bioprocess engineering, microbial fuel cells for environmentally friendly production of clean energy, and fine chemicals.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
1 Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels: An Overview through Different Generations of Biofuels 1
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
1.1 Introduction 2
1.1.1 Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass 3
1.1.2 Generations of Biofuels 4
1.1.3 Possibilities and Challenges 13
1.2 Conclusion 15
2 Pretreatment Methods of Waste Biomass: A Broad Overview 21
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Broad Overview of Pretreatment 23
2.2.1 Existing Physicochemical Promising Approaches for Pretreating Biomass 26
2.2.1.1 Physical Pretreatment Approaches 27
2.2.1.2 Chemical Pretreatment 27
2.2.1.3 Physicochemical Pretreatment Methods 32
2.2.1.4 Biological Pretreatment 35
3 Current Advancements and Challenges for Biomethane Production 45
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Production Methods of Methane 46
3.3 Production of Biomethane and Biochemistry of Processes 49
3.3.1 Hydrolysis 50
3.3.2 Acidogenesis 51
3.3.3 Acetogenesis 52
3.3.4 Methanogenesis 53
3.4 Main Factors Affecting the Biogas Production 56
3.4.1 Hydraulic Retention Time 56
3.4.2 Nutrients 57
3.4.3 pH of Feed Stock 57
3.4.4 Temperature 58
3.4.5 Organic Loading Rates 58
3.4.6 Retention Time 59
3.4.7 Mixing 59
3.4.8 Oxygen 59
3.4.9 Volatile Fatty Acids 59
3.4.10 Free Ammonia 59
3.4.11 Biogas Production 60
3.5 Conclusion 61
4 Production of Biohydrogen: Process Technologies at a Glance 67
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Applications of Hydrogen 69
4.3 The Production of Hydrogen 71
4.4 Biochemistry of Dark Fermentation 74
4.5 Conclusion 75
5 Biobutanol as Alternative Fuel: A Brief Outline on Current Advancements 79
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 The ABE Fermentation Process 84
5.3 Challenges and Possible Outcomes in the ABE Fermentation 89
5.4 Conclusion 91
6 Biomethanol as a Potential Source for Sustainable Energy 99
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Application of Methanol 101
6.3 Production of Biomethanol 101
6.4 Conclusion 105
References 105
About the Author 109
Index 111
