Description
This book addresses the possibilities provided by scattering techniques in the study of soft matter. It fills the gap between the fundamental scattering processes, which are described by the general theoretical framework of elastic and quasi-elastic interaction of radiation with matter, and state-of-the-art applications to specific soft matter systems.Three probes are discussed in detail: neutrons, X-ray photons, and visible light. The first part of the book is dedicated to the use of general principles for the measurement and analysis of scattered intensity: elementary scattering process, data reduction, general theorems, the concept of reciprocal space, and its link to structural and dynamical information in direct space. In the second part, methods and techniques are further discussed, including resolution effects, contrast variation, static and dynamic light scattering, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, and reflectometry and grazing incidence techniques. Part three deals with the state of the art of scattering studies of typical soft matter systems (polymers, self-assembled surfactant systems, microemulsions, liquid crystals, colloids, aggregates, biological systems) with dedicated chapters for particle interactions, and modelling. Part four highlights special applications, from turbid media to scattering under external constraints, and industrial applications.This new edition, written by the lecturers of the Bombannes Summer School, will be most useful as a learning tool for masters and PhD students, post-docs, and young researchers moving into the field. As with the previous edition, it will also be a reference for any scientist working in soft matter, where scattering techniques are ubiquitous, used both in small laboratories and at large-scale research facilities.• Provides an understandable and thorough introduction to the fundamentals of scattering in a way that is accessible for students/PhDs.• Offers a comprehensive overview of the main scattering techniques associated with neutrons, X-rays, and light.• Includes chapters on virtually all soft matter systems.• Presents both standard analyses and recent advances in scattering techniques
Table of Contents
Part 1 Using General Principles1. General Introduction: Soft Matter Systems and Scattering Experiments2. General Theorems, Differential Scattering Cross-Section, and Initial Data Treatment3. The Inverse Scattering Problem4. Indirect Fourier Transformation, Deconvolution and Generalized Indirect Fourier TransformationPart 2 Methods5. Instrumentation & Resolution Effects for Small-Angle X-ray & Neutron Scattering6. Contrast & Contrast Variation in Neutron, X-ray and Light Scattering7. Static Light Scattering8. Dynamic Light Scattering10. Neutron & X-ray Reflectivity and Grazing Incidence ScatteringPart 3 Revealing Microstructures and Dynamics of Soft Condensed Matter11. Introduction to Polymers - Static Scattering12. Self Assembled Aggregates: form and structure factor in surfactant systems and lyotropic liquid crystals13. Small-Angle Scattering by Microemulsions14. Interacting Colloidal Systems, Gels, Glasses15. Model Fitting and Simulation Techniques for Small-Angle Scattering Data Analysis16. Polymer Dynamics17. Analysis of Small-Angle Scattering Data of Complex Biological Systems18. Macromolecular and Supramolecular AssembliesPart 4 Special Applications19. Soft Matter Studies Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions20. Polymer Processing: Application of Scattering Methods to Polyurethane Materials21. Light Scattering in Turbid Media22. From Real to Reciprocal Space: Scattering Information from Real Space Images23. Use of Scattering Techniques in Industry24. Applications of Neutron Reflectometry to Soft Matter and Biological Systems25. Using Weak Aggregation for Solubilization and Separation26. Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy: characterisation of relaxation modes at the molecular scale
