Description
Drawing upon a wide variety of authors, approaches, and ideological contexts, this book offers a comprehensive and detailed critique of the distinct and polemical senses in which the concept of ressentiment (and its cognate 'resentment') is used today. It also proposes a new mode of addressing ressentiment in which critique and polemics no longer set the tone: care.
Contemporary tendencies in political culture such as neoliberalism, nationalism, populism, identity politics, and large-scale conspiracy theories have led to the return of the concept of ressentiment in armchair political analysis. This book argues that, due to the tension between its enormous descriptive power and its mutually contradicting ideological performances, it is necessary to ‘redramatize’ the concept of ressentiment. By what right do we possess and use the concept of ressentiment, and what makes the phenomenon worth knowing? Inspired by Marxist political epistemology, affect theory, postcolonialism, and feminism, the book maps, delimits, and assesses four irreducible ways in which ressentiment can be articulated: the ways of the priest, the physician, the witness, and the diplomat. The first perspective is typically embodied by conservative (Scheler, Girard) and liberal (Smith, Rawls) political theory; the second, by Nietzsche, Deleuze and Foucault; whereas the standpoint of the witness is found in the writings of Améry, Fanon and Adorno; and the diplomat’s is the author’s own, albeit inspired by philosophers such as Ahmed, Stiegler, Stengers, and Sloterdijk. In producing a dialectical sequence between all four typical modes of enunciation, the book demonstrates how the first three reinterpretations of ressentiment are already implied in the theater set up in Nietzsche’s late polemical books, while the fourth proposes a line of flight out of it.
The Dialectic of Ressentiment will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in critical theory, social and political philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, history, literature, political science, anthropology, and Nietzsche scholarship. It will also appeal to anyone interested in the politics of anger, discourse ethics, trauma studies, and memory politics.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Loot of Morality
Polemology: Truth and Plausibility
Two Theses on Nietzsche
Dramatis personae
Perspectivism and Class Struggle
1. The Resentment-Ressentiment Complex
The Problem of Rationality: From Rage to Resentment
The Problem of Authenticity: Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky, Flaubert
The Problem of Justice: Nietzsche
Just Sentiments
Politics and Ressentiment
2. What is Ressentiment?
Typology
Physiology
Mnemonology
Psychology
Genealogy
3. The Priest
The Two Functions of the Priest
The Religious Dialectic of Ressentiment (first- to fourth-order negations)
From Christ to the Bourgeoisie (fifth-order negation)
Democracy, Envy, and Ressentiment: Tocqueville to Scheler
Class Struggle from Above (sixth-order negation)
Narcissism: Girard
4. The Physician
The Right of the Philosopher
Critique of Psychopower: Foucault, Adorno, Deleuze and Guattari
The Art of Diagnosis
Can Ressentiment be Overcome?
Can Bad Conscience be Overcome?
5. The Witness
Authentic Ressentiment?
Legitimizing Ressentiment
Améry’s Polemics
The Persistence of the Negative
6. The Diplomat
Limits of the Dialectic
Good Sense and Common Sense
Care
Damnation: Leibniz
A Speculative Gesture
