Description
When, why, and how are people motivated? This is the essential question that motivation science has sought to address since the field's inception, and yet motivation scientists have offered many contrasting and even conflicting perspectives that have stalled key conversations in the research. This volume captures the nature of these critical debates, while also moving the field towards greater coherence by bringing differing perspectives from experts together in one volume. Posing 10 fundamental questions to 57 prominent motivation researchers around the globe, Motivation Science: Controversies and Insights covers topics such as the nature of motivation, cultural differences in motivational processes, evidence-based strategies to enhance motivation, and predictions for the future of the field.Edited by three leaders in motivation science, this volume provides readers with a rare opportunity to see how different theorists and researchers recognize, evaluate, and prescribe solutions to the same motivation problem. By sharing current thinking and providing innovative insights into the important questions and controversies in the study of motivation, the book brings together cutting-edge theory and research that readers can use to generate fresh and effective applications and interventions.
Table of Contents
Section 1What Is Motivation?Question 1: What Is Motivation?What Is Motivation, Where Does It Come from, and How Does It Work?Carol S. Dweck, Matthew L. Dixon, and James J. GrossEnergization and Direction Are Both Essential Parts of MotivationAndrew J. ElliotWhat Is Motivation?Edwin A. LockeMotivation Processes and OutcomesDale H. SchunkMotivation Is the Interaction Between Dispositions and ContextDeborah StipekMotivation Is the State of Wanting Something. But Do We Want the Right Things?Kennon M. SheldonWanting to Feel Effective in Our Goal Pursuits for Both Outcomes and ProcessE. Tory Higgins and Emily NakkawitaPleasure, Utility, and Goals: Motivation as a Value-Based Decision-Making ProcessSung-il KimJingle-Jangle Fallacies in Motivation Science: Toward a Definition of Core MotivationReinhard PekrunAcademic Self-Concept: A Central Motivational ConstructGeetanjali Basarkod and Herbert W. MarshMotivation Resides Only in Our Language, Not in Our Mental ProcessesKou MurayamaInsights Gained from Controversy #1Section 2What Are the Current Controversies in Motivation Science?Question 2: Are Motivational Processes Universal Across Cultures and Contexts?Does One Size Fit All? Cultural Perspectives on School MotivationDennis M. McInerneyWhere Will Michelle Go to College? Culture and Context in the Study of MotivationPaul A. SchutzCan We Really Say that Motivational Processes Are Universal Across Cultures and Contexts?Briana P. Green, DeLeon L. Gray, Elan C. Hope, and Jamaal S. MatthewsVitamins for Psychological Growth: A Universal Foundation for Motivating OthersBart Soenens and Maarten VansteenkisteBig-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (BFLPE): Universality of Psychological Comparison ProcessesHerbert W. Marsh and Geetanjali BasarkodInsights Gained from Controversy #2Question 3: Is There Such a Thing as "Good" Motivation and "Bad" Motivation?Some Motivations Make Us Happier than OthersKennon M. SheldonThe Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of MotivationNikos NtoumanisLess Is Sometimes More: Differentiating 'Must-ivation' from 'Want-ivation'Maarten Vansteenkiste and Bart SoenensDo We Sometimes Surrender Our Good Motivation for Bad? Some Reflections on the Quality of MotivationAllan WigfieldGood Versus Bad Motivation? Avoiding the Lure of False DichotomiesPatricia A. AlexanderInsights Gained from Controversy #3Question 4: Does Extrinsic Incentive (e.g., Rewards, Competition) Undermine Motivation?Extrinsic Rewards Undermine Motivation in the ClassroomEL SometimesEric M. AndermanExtrinsic Incentives/Rewards - Short-Term Fix that Can Undermine Long-Term MotivationWendy S. GrolnickInterest and Its Relation to Rewards, Reward Expectations, and IncentivesSuzanne E. Hidi and K. Ann RenningerCompetition Can Enhance Motivation-but Typically Undermines ItJohnmarshall ReeveInsights Gained from Controversy #4Question 5: Can We Control Our Motivation?The Unconscious Sources of Motivation and GoalsJohn A. Bargh and Peter M. GollwitzerTwo Routes to the Self-Regulation of Motivation and GoalsPeter M. Gollwitzer and John A. BarghThe Uneasy Relationship Between Conscious and Non-Conscious MotivationTimothy UrdanControlling Your Own Motivation Is an Acquired SkillChristopher A. WoltersA Key to Motivation Is Thinking and Acting like You Can Change ThingsErika A. PatallFinding the Second Wind: Motivation Is Within Our ControlEllen L. UsherInsights Gained from Controversy #5Question 6: Can You Distinguish Motivation from Cognition and Emotion?Cognitions and Emotions Energize and Sustain MotivationDale H. SchunkDissecting the Elephant: Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation as Distinct but Intertwined EntitiesReinhard PekrunExploring the Boundaries Between Motivation, Cognition, and Emotion: Theoretical, Empirical, and Practical DistinctionsPatricia A. AlexanderTransactions Among Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition: Blurring the LinesPaul A. SchutzAre Cognition, Motivation, and Emotion the Same or Different? Let's Abandon That ThinkingKou MurayamaInsights Gained from Controversy #6Question 7: What Are the Unanswered Questions and Unresolved Controversies in Motivation Study?Understanding Motivation: So Much Is Known, So Much Left to LearnTimothy UrdanHow Does Context Shape Motivation?Mimi BongIs a Focus on Looking Smart Beneficial for Students' Engagement, Learning, and Achievement?Lisa Linnenbrink-GarciaIs There a Need for Psychological Needs in Theories of Achievement Motivation?Allan Wigfield and Alison C. KoenkaShould Theoretical Integration Occur in the Motivation Literature? Considering What, for Whom, and WhenAlison C. Koenka and Allan WigfieldInsights Gained from Controversy #7Section 3How Do We Motivate People?Question 8: How Do We Motivate People?How Do We Motivate People? Connecting to People's Existing Goals and ValuesCarol S. DweckCreating a Motivating Learning Environment: Guiding Principles from Philosophy, Psychology, and PedagogyPatricia A. AlexanderEasy to Get People to Do Things, More Challenging to Facilitate Their MotivationWendy S. GrolnickWhen It Comes to Motivating Others, What's Easy Is Not Always What WorksErika A. PatallMotivating People: It Depends on What, and It Depends on WhenEric M. AndermanHow Do We Motivate People? By Working with Their Self-BeliefsEllen L. UsherA Control-Value Approach to Affective GrowthReinhard PekrunHow to Foster Motivation? The Need-Based Motivating Compass as a Source of InspirationMaarten Vansteenkiste and Bart SoenensYou Can Motivate Others by Nurturing Five Experiences that Satisfy Their Need for Autonomy: Authentic Inner Compass, Authentic Intentions, and FreedomAvi Assor, Moti Benita, and Yael GeifmanImproving Social Contexts Can Enhance Student MotivationKathryn R. WentzelWhat Teachers Need to Know About Promoting Student Motivation to LearnHelen PatrickInsights Gained from Controversy #8Section 4What Is the Future of Motivation Science?Question 9: What Is the Most Fundamental Limitation in Contemporary Motivation Theory and Research?Is Academic Motivation a Tree Trunk, a Fan, a Wall, a Rope, a Snake, or a Spear? No, It's an Elephant and It's on FireEllen A. SkinnerGaps in Contemporary Motivation Research: A Biopsychological PerspectiveAndrew J. Martin and Emma C. BurnsIdentifying the Role of Social Relationships in Motivating Students to LearnKathryn R. WentzelMost Motivation Research in Education Is Not Yet Useful for TeachersHelen PatrickMotivational Researchers Must Move Beyond Linear Models to Consider Motivational Processes as Part of a Complex SystemLisa Linnenbrink-GarciaThe Most Fundamental Limitation in Motivation Theory and Research Is Our TheoriesEric M. AndermanInfatuation with Constructs and Losing Sight of the Motivational PhenomenonAvi KaplanTheoretical and Methodological Disintegration Is the Most Fundamental Limitation in Contemporary Motivation ResearchBenjamin Nagengast and Ulrich TrautweinInsights Gained from Controversy #9Question 10: What Will Be the Most Significant Development in Motivation Science in the Next Decade?The Next Decade: Making Motivation the Foundation of Psychology AgainCarol S. DweckHarnessing Biopsychology and Mobile Technology to Develop Motivation Science in the Next DecadeAndrew J. Martin, Emma C. Burns, Roger Kennett, and Joel PearsonDigitization Will Bring Profound Changes in Educational Practice and Research on MotivationUlrich Trautwein and Benjamin NagengastUnderstanding Human Motivation and Action as a Complex Dynamic SystemAvi KaplanAssessing Motivation DynamicallyDale H. SchunkMotivation in the Wild: Capturing the Complex Social Ecologies of Academic MotivationEllen A. Skinner, Thomas A. Kindermann, Justin W. Vollet, and Nicolette P. RickertCommunity-Engaged Research: The Next Frontier in Motivation ScienceDeLeon L. Gray and Brooke Harris-ThomasInsights Gained from Controversy #10
