Description
Rediscover the Reformations in Europe with this insightful and comprehensive new edition of a long-time favorite
Amongst the authoritative works covering the European Reformation, Carter Lindberg's The European Reformations has stood the test of time. Widely used in classrooms around the world for over twenty-five years, the first two editions of the book were enjoyed and acclaimed by students and teachers alike.
Now, the revised and updated Third Edition of The European Reformations continues the author's work to sketch the various efforts to reform received expressions of faith and their social and political effects, both historical and modern. He has expanded his coverage of women in the Reformations and added a chapter on reforms in East-Central Europe.
Comprehensively covering all of Europe, The European Reformations provides an in-depth exploration of the Reformations' effects on a wide variety of countries. The author discusses:
- The late Middle Ages and the historical context in which the Reformations gained a foothold
- Martin Luther, the theological and pastoral responses to insecurity, and the theological implications of those responses
- The implementation of reforms in Wittenberg, Germany
- Zwingli's reform program, the Reformation in Zurich, Switzerland, and the impact of medieval sacramental theology
- The Genevan Reformation and "The Most Perfect School of Christ"
Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in courses on Reformation studies, history, religion, and theology, this edition of The European Reformations also belongs on the bookshelves of theological seminary students and anyone with a keen interest in the Reformation and its ongoing impact on faith and society.
Table of Contents
List of Figures xi
Preface to the Third Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xvi
Preface to the First Edition xviii
List of Abbreviations xxi
1 History, Historiography, and Interpretations of the Reformations 1
History and Historiography 1
Interpretations of the Reformations 6
Suggestions for Further Reading 19
2 The Late Middle Ages: Threshold and Foothold of the Reformations 20
Agrarian Crisis, Famine, and Plague 21
Towns and Cities: Loci of Ideas and Change 28
The Printing Press 29
Of Mines and Militancy 31
Social Tensions 32
The Crisis of Values 35
The Western Schism 35
Conciliarism 38
Anticlericalism and the Renaissance Papacy 43
Suggestions for Further Reading 45
Electronic Resources 45
3 The Dawn of a New Era 46
Martin Luther (1483–1546) 46
Theological and Pastoral Responses to Insecurity 51
Theological Implications 57
Indulgences: The Purchase of Paradise 59
The Squeaky Mouse 62
Politics and Piety 64
From the Diet of Worms to the Land of the Birds 66
The Diet of Worms 71
Suggestions for Further Reading 72
Electronic Resources 73
4 Wait for No One: Implementation of Reforms in Wittenberg 74
In the Land of the Birds 74
Melanchthon: Teacher of Germany 75
Karlstadt and Proto-Puritanism 76
Bishops, Clerical Marriage, and Strategies for Reform 78
The Gospel and Social Order 84
Suggestions for Further Reading 91
5 Fruits of the Fig Tree: Social Welfare and Education 92
Late Medieval Poor Relief 93
Beyond Charity 94
The Institutionalization of Social Welfare 98
Bugenhagen and the Spread of Evangelical Social Welfare 101
Education for Service to God and Service to the Neighbor 104
The Catechisms and Christian Vocation 106
Was the Early Reformation a Failure? 108
Suggestions for Further Reading 109
6 The Reformation of the Common Man 111
"Brother Andy" 111
Thomas Müntzer 117
Müntzer's Origins and Theology 118
Müntzer's Historical Development 121
On to the Land of Hus 122
The Revolution of the Common Man, 1524–1526 128
The Role of Anticlericalism 130
Luther and the Peasants' War 131
Suggestions for Further Reading 136
7 The Swiss Connection: Zwingli and the Reformation in Zurich 137
The Affair of the Sausages 137
Zwingli's Beginnings 137
Magistracy and Church in Zurich 140
Zwingli’s Reform Program 141
Excursus: Medieval Sacramental Theology 146
The Marburg Colloquy, 1529 154
Suggestions for Further Reading 159
8 The Sheep against the Shepherds: The Radical Reformations 160
The Anabaptists 161
Excursus: Reformation Understandings of Baptism 164
Zurich Beginnings 168
Anabaptist Multiplicity 173
The Münster Debacle 176
The Subversive Piety of the Spiritualists 179
Suggestions for Further Reading 181
9 Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555: Reforms and Politics 183
The Trail of Worms 183
The Diet of Worms, 1521 185
The Diet of Speyer, 1526 186
The Diet of Speyer, 1529 187
The Diet of Augsburg, 1530, and the Augsburg Confession 188
The Right of Resistance to the Emperor 192
Reformation Ecumenism, War, and the Peace of Augsburg 193
Suggestions for Further Reading 198
10 "The Most Perfect School of Christ": The Genevan Reformation 199
John Calvin (1509–1564) 199
Journey to Geneva 202
The Reformation in Geneva 204
Sojourn in Strasbourg 206
Geneva under Calvin, 1541–1564 210
Calvin's Consolidation of His Authority 212
The Servetus Case 215
Protestant Mission and Evangelism: The "International Conspiracy" 218
Suggestions for Further Reading 220
11 Refuge in the Shadow of God's Wings: The Reformation in France 221
The Shield of Humanism 221
Evangelical Progress and Persecution 224
Calvin's Influence in France 226
The Colloquy of Poissy, 1561 231
The Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 232
The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 234
"Paris is Worth a Mass" 237
Suggestions for Further Reading 238
12 The Blood of the Martyrs: The Reformation in the Netherlands 239
"La Secte Lutheriane" 241
Dissident Movements 242
The Rise of Calvinism and the Spanish Reaction 243
A Godly Society? 246
Suggestions for Further Reading 247
13 The Reformations in England and Scotland 248
Anticlericalism and Lutheran Beginnings 249
The King's Great Matter 255
Passions, Politics, and Piety 257
Edward VI and Protestant Progress 259
Mary Tudor and Protestant Regress 261
Elizabeth I and the Via Media 263
Mary Stuart (1542–1587) and the Reformation in Scotland 267
Suggestions for Further Reading 271
14 Reformations in East-Central Europe 272
Bohemia 276
Livonia 277
Prussia and Poland 278
Antitrinitarian Developments 281
Slovakia and Hungary 283
Suggestions for Further Reading 288
15 Catholic Renewal and the Counter-Reformation 289
Late Medieval Renewal Movements 289
The Index and the Inquisition 295
Loyola and the Society of Jesus 299
The Council of Trent, 1545–1563 304
Suggestions for Further Reading 310
Electronic Resources 310
16 Legacies of the Reformations 311
Confessionalization 311
Politics 314
Culture 318
The Reformations and Women 318
Toleration and the "Other" 323
Economics, Education, and Science 328
Literature and the Arts 330
Back to the Future: The Reformations and Modernity 336
Suggestions for Further Reading 338
Electronic Resources 338
Chronology 339
Genealogies 345
The House of Valois and Bourbon, to 1610 346
The family of Charles V 347
The English crown, 1485–1603 348
Ottoman sultans, 1451–1648 349
Popes, 1492–1605 350
Maps 351
Europe about 1500 325
Germany at the time of the Reformations 353
The Empire of Charles V 354
The Ottoman Empire 355
The Portuguese and Spanish overseas empires 356
Religious divisions in Europe about 1600 357
Glossary 358
Appendix: Aids to Reformation Studies 361
Bibliography 364
Index 403
