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Description
This advanced textbook covering the fundamentals and industry applications of process intensification (PI) discusses both the theoretical and conceptual basis of the discipline. Since interdisciplinarity is a key feature of PI, the material contained in the book reaches far beyond the classical area of chemical engineering. Developments in other relevant disciplines, such as chemistry, catalysis, energy technology, applied physics, electronics and materials science, are extensively described and discussed, while maintaining a chemical engineering perspective.
Divided into three major parts, the first introduces the PI principles in detail and illustrates them using practical examples. The second part is entirely devoted to fundamental approaches of PI in four domains: spatial, thermodynamic, functional and temporal. The third and final part explores the methodology for applying fundamental PI approaches in practice. As well as detailing technologies, the book focuses on safety, energy and environmental issues, giving guidance on how to incorporate PI in plant design and operation -- safely, efficiently and effectively.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
About the Authors xiii
Part I Principles 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Short History of Process Intensification 3
1.2 Definitions and Interpretations of Process Intensification 5
1.3 Fundamentals of Process Intensification – Principles, Approaches, Domains, and Scales 8
2 The Four Principles 15
2.1 Principle 1 – Toward Perfect Reactions 15
2.2 Principle 2 – What Experience Molecules? 19
2.3 Principle 3 – Driving Forces, Resistances, and Interfaces 21
2.4 Principle 4 – About the Synergies 21
Part II Domains 25
3 STRUCTURE – PI Approaches in Spatial Domain 27
3.1 Randomness and Order: Why Structure? 27
3.2 Structures Targeting Molecular Events 29
3.3 Structures Targeting Heat Transfer 39
3.4 Structures Targeting Mass Transfer 49
3.5 Structures Targeting Mixing and Fluid Flow 63
4 ENERGY – PI Approaches in Thermodynamic Domain 83
4.1 Energy in Chemical Processes – A Broader Picture of the Present and the Future 83
4.2 Electric Fields 85
4.3 Magnetic Fields 90
4.4 Electromagnetic Fields 93
4.5 Acoustic Fields 129
4.6 Flow Fields 142
4.7 High-Gravity and High-Shear Fields 152
5 SYNERGY – PI Approaches in Functional Domain 197
5.1 Combining Functions 197
5.2 Synergies at Molecular Scale 199
5.3 Synergies in Processing Units – Multifunctional Equipment and Integrated Operations 205
6 TIME – PI Approaches in Temporal Domain 257
6.1 Oscillatory Flow Reactors 258
6.2 Reverse Flow Reactors 262
6.3 Periodic Operation of Trickle Bed Reactors 269
6.4 Cyclic Distillation 271
6.5 Pulse Combustion 275
6.6 Pressure Swing Adsorption 284
6.7 Desorptive Cooling 286
6.8 Variable Volume Operation of Stirred Tank Reactors 288
6.9 Short Contact Time Reactors 290
Part III Fundamentals in Practice – Designing a Sustainable, Intensified Process 299
7 Process Intensification and Sustainable Processing 301
7.1 Introduction 301
7.2 Ecological Assessment of Intensified Technologies 312
7.3 Process Intensification and Inherent Safety 317
8 How to Design a Sustainable Intensified Process? 331
8.1 Conceptual Process Intensification Design 331
8.2 Case Study of Bhopal 332
References 339
Index 341
