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Full Description
This second of two volumes presents archaeological and scientific studies of a wide range of materials from the unusually long-occupied Bronze Age and Iron Age site of Cladh Hallan on South Uist in the Western Isles of Scotland. These include metalworking debris, copper-alloy, gold and iron artifacts, bone and antler tools and ornaments, flint and quartz tools, coarse stone tools, pumice, shale ornaments and fuel ash slag. The metalworking assemblage, from casting weapons, tools and ornaments, is exceptional in its size and in its being stratified within a domestic context of production. Metal tools and ornaments, some placed as special deposits on house floors, include a gold-plated penannular ring and an iron object stratified within an 11th-century BC house floor, among the earliest finds of iron artefacts in Britain.
The enormous and well-preserved environmental assemblage includes faunal remains of land mammals, whales, fish, birds and marine and terrestrial molluscs. Sheep were the most numerous domestic species within an assemblage of over 150,000 land mammalian remains, and Cladh Hallan has the largest collection of canine remains for any settlement in British later prehistory. Carbonized plant remains derive principally from cultivation of barley and associated weeds of cultivation.
The site's assemblage provides extensive material for chemical analysis of food residues, isotopic analysis of animal and human remains, osteological analysis of human remains, histological analysis of their processes of diagenesis, and genetic analysis of ancient DNA from animal and human remains. These analyses include full investigation of the human remains from two composite inhumations that had formerly been mummified, the first discovery of this mortuary practice in prehistoric Britain.
The book concludes with a synthesis of results presented in the two volumes, presenting the rich insights provided by research on Cladh Hallan into life and death in the 2nd and early 1st millennia BC.
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Preface
M. Parker Pearson, J. Mulville, H. Smith and P. Marshall
1 Metallurgy: ceramic material associated with metalworking
T. Cowie and M. Parker Pearson
2 Metalwork
M. Juddery, M. Parker Pearson, L. Troalen, T. Verolet, B. O'Connor and D. Dungworth
3 Bone and antler tools
G. Davies
4 Use-wear analysis of bone and antler points
V. Alexander
5 Worked flint, quartz and stone
M. Edmonds, K. Martin, J. Compton and L. Hurcombe
6 Coarse stone artefacts
H. Goddard and M. Parker Pearson
7 Pumice
M. Parker Pearson and H. Goddard
8 Bangles and beads
F. Hunter, M. Parker Pearson and M. Charlton
9 Fuel ash slag
M. Parker Pearson
10 Faunal remains of mammals (excluding cetaceans)
J. Mulville and A. Powell with J. Davies, A. Hale and R. Madgwick
11 Faunal remains of Cetacea
S. Evans and J. Mulville
12 The birds
J. Best and J. Cartledge†
13 The fish
C. Ingrem
14 Marine molluscs
H. Smith and M. Parker Pearson
15 Non-marine molluscs
N. Thew and M. Law
16 The carbonised plant remains
H. Smith and S. Colledge
17 Organic residue analysis of pottery residues
L. Cramp, R. Evershed, G. Taylor and O.E. Craig
18 Isotope analysis of human and animal remains
O.E. Craig, G. Taylor, J. Jones, J.I. Griffith and C. Snoeck
19 The human remains
C. Willis
20 Histological analysis of human and animal bone: exceptional taphonomies, exceptional histories?
R. Madgwick. T.J. Booth and J. Mulville
21 Ancient DNA survival analysis of faunal remains
V.E. Mullin
22 Coprolites
M. Parker Pearson
23 Cladh Hallan in its context
M. Parker Pearson
Bibliography
Index
