Full Description
Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) are gas-filled bubbles with a diameter smaller than 1 μm. They are sometimes called bulk nanobubbles because these are not on a solid surface but inside a bulk liquid (water). They are already being used in commercial processes such as cleaning and plant cultivation. However, many mysteries still exist with respect to UFBs, such as mechanisms of stability, OH radical formation, and biological and medical effects. This is the first book on UFBs that reviews research done on them. It is helpful for those interested in the fundamentals of this emerging field and its applications, including cleaning, biological, medical, and dental students and researchers.
Contents
1. History of Ultrafine Bubbles 2. Introduction to Experiments 3. Micro- and Ultrafine Bubbles Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy Using Quick-Freeze Replica Technique 4. Real UFB Sample Measurements: A Few Cases 5. Theory of Ultrafine Bubbles 6. Study of Ultrafine Bubble Stabilization by Organic Material Adhesion 7. Cleaning with Ultrafine Bubble Water 8. Biological Effects and Applications of Ultrafine Bubbles 9. Recent Trends in Application of Encapsulated Ultrafine Bubbles in Medicine 10. Dental Application of Ozone Ultrafine Bubble Water 11. Preservability of Ultrafine Bubbles
