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基本説明
Provides a simple presentation of the models and theory of nuclear collective structure, with an emphasis on the physical content and the ways they are used to interpret data.
Full Description
The two most important developments in nuclear physics were the shell model and the collective model. The former gives the formal framework for a description of nuclei in terms of interacting neutrons and protons. The latter provides a very physical but phenomenological framework for interpreting the observed properties of nuclei. A third approach, based on variational and mean-field methods, brings these two perspectives together in terms of the so-called unified models. Together, these three approaches provide the foundations on which nuclear physics is based. They need to be understood by everyone practicing or teaching nuclear physics, and all those who wish to gain an understanding of the foundations of the models and their relationships to microscopic theory as given by recent developments in terms of dynamical symmetries.This book provides a simple presentation of the models and theory of nuclear collective structure, with an emphasis on the physical content and the ways they are used to interpret data. Part 1 presents the basic phenomenological collective vibrational and rotational models as introduced by Bohr and Mottelson and their many colleagues. It also describes the extensions of these models to parallel unified models in which neutrons and protons move in a mean-field with collective degrees of freedom. Part 2 presents the predominant theories used to describe the collective properties of nuclei in terms of interacting nucleons. These theories, which are shared with other many-body systems, are shown to emerge naturally from the unified models of Part 1.
Contents
Phenomenological Models: General Trends and Coupling Schemes; The Collective Vibrational Model; The Unified Model for Vibrations; The Vibrating Potential Model; The E1 Photoresonance; The Collective Rotational Model; The Unified Model for Rotations; The Moment of Inertia; Microscopic Theories: Hartree?Fock Self-Consistent Field Theory: Spherical Nuclei; Hartree?Fock Self-Consistent Field Theory: Deformed Nuclei; Pairing-Force Theory; The Tamm?Dancoff Approximation or Simple Particle?Hole Theory; An Equations-of-Motion Method; The Random Phase Approximation or Sophisticated Particle-Hole Theory; Time-Dependent Hartree?Fock (TDHF) Theory; The Microscopic Foundations of the Unified Vibrational Model; Concluding Remarks.
