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Full Description
Dániel Mikecz addresses in this study the tensions between oppositional civil society and party-political actors. As successive elections demonstrate the increasing confidence of the illiberal regime of Viktor Orbán, left and liberal parties of the opposition have faced a prolonged crisis in credibility. At the same time, the civil society has not been immobile, and bottom-up initiatives, social and political movements, and non-governmental organizations have gained momentum in the public sphere. The ruling power is also active in the extra-parliamentary political arena. Through national consultations, Peace Marches, and other means, Orbán's governing Fidesz party has mobilized voters outside of election campaigns and has implemented a so-called movement governance. The study offers a vivid examination of this top-down or astroturf mobilization of the regime.
Mikecz identifies the different patterns of activism and creates a coherent typology. He describes in detail each kind of activism based on opinion surveys, protest surveys and content analysis. The categorization and comprehensive exploration of civil movements provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms of illiberal postcommunist regimes.
Contents
List of Tables
1. Introduction
2. The Context of Activism: Civil Society and Political Participation in Hungary
From Civil Society to Civil Movements
The Political Opportunity Structure of the Hungarian Illiberal Regime
3. Protest and Politics after the Illiberal Turn
New Waves of Protest and Political Participation after 2010
Structural Contrasts between Civil and Political Action
Institutionalization Processes
4. Patterns of Activism in Hungary
Civil Ethos Activism
Experience-oriented, Altruistic Activism
Advocacy Activism
Exclusive Political Activism
Populist Political Activism
5. Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendix
Index
