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How the Jesuits re-emerged after forty years of suppression
In 1773, Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus. For the 823 Jesuits living in the Low Countries, it meant the end of their institutional religious life. In the Austrian Netherlands, the Jesuits were put under strict surveillance, but in the Dutch Republic they were able to continue their missionary work. It is this regional contrast and the opportunities it offered for the Order to survive that make the Low Countries an exceptional and interesting case in Jesuit history.
Just as in White Russia, former Jesuits and new Jesuits in the Low Countries prepared for the restoration of the Order, with the help of other religious, priests, and lay benefactors. In 1814, eight days before the restoration of the Society by Pope Pius VII, the novitiate near Ghent opened with eleven candidates from all over the United Netherlands. Barely twenty years later, the Order in the Low Countries - by then counting one hundred members - formed an independent Belgian Province. A separate Dutch Province followed in 1850. Obviously, the reestablishment, with new churches and new colleges, carried a heavy survival burden: in the face of their old enemies and the black legends they revived, the Jesuits had to retrieve their true identity, which had been suppressed for forty years.
Contributors: Peter van Dael, SJ (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam & Pontifical Gregorian University Rome), Pierre Antoine Fabre (École des hautes études en sciences sociales Paris), Joep van Gennip (Tilburg School of Catholic Theology), Michel Hermans, SJ (University of Namur), Marek Inglot, SJ (Pontifical Gregorian University Rome), Frank Judo (lawyer Brussels), Leo Kenis (KU Leuven) Marc Lindeijer, SJ (Bollandist Society Brussels), Jo Luyten (KADOC-KU Leuven), Kristien Suenens (KADOC-KU Leuven), Vincent Verbrugge (historian)
This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).
Contents
INTRODUCTION Leo Kenis - Marc Lindeijer, SJ
SURVIVED
The Quick Downfall and Slow Rise of the Jesuit Order in the Low Countries Marc Lindeijer, SJ - Jo Luyten - Kristien Suenens
SURVIVAL
The 'Suppressions' of the Society of Jesus in the Gallo-Belgian Province Michel Hermans, SJ
"Contulit hos virtus, expulit invidia" The Suppression of the Jesuits of the Flemish-Belgian Province Joep van Gennip
The Fate of the Jesuits of the Gallo-Belgian Province after 1773 Michel Hermans, SJ
The Jesuits of the Low Countries and the Society of Jesus in Russia Marek Inglot, SJ
SURVIVORS
Restoration in One Country? The Strange History of Balthazar de Villegas' Mémoire sur le rétablissement des Jésuites Frank Judo
The Post-Concordatory Vicissitudes of Joannes Vrindts (1781-1862) Priest in Search of an Identity, Jesuit at Heart Jo Luyten
Pierre-Antoine Malou-Riga (1753-1827) A Part-time Jesuit? Vincent Verbrugge
"Aptus ad gubernandum" The Formation of Fr Jan Roothaan in the Principles and Practices of Good Governance of the Restored Society of Jesus (1823-1829) Marc Lindeijer, SJ
REVIVAL?
'Jesuits' as Promoters of Female Religious Congregations in Belgium (c. 1800-1870) Continuity or Discontinuity? Jo Luyten - Kristien Suenens
"A great swarm of nocturnal raptors shrieking horribly" Negative Images of the Jesuits in the Netherlands between the Restoration of the Order and the Establishment of the Dutch Jesuit Province, 1814-1850 Joep van Gennip
Jesuit Churches in the Netherlands in the First Half of the Nineteenth CenturyPeter van Dael, SJ
CONCLUSION
Jesuits in the Low Countries from the Modern to the Contemporary Era Resources for a New History Pierre-Antoine Fabre
Appendix Catalogue of Jesuits in and from the Low Countries, 1773-1830
Bibliography Contributors Index Colophon
