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Full Description
Molten salts are of considerable significance to chemical technology. Applications range from the established ones, such as the production of aluminum, magnesium, sodium and fluorine, to those as yet to be fully exploited, such as molten salt batteries and fuel cells, catalysis, and solar energy. Molten salts are investigated for different purposes by many diverse techniques. There is a need to keep investigators working in different areas, such as metal production, power sources, and glass industry, aware of progress in various specialties, as well as to familiarize new research workers with the fundamental aspects of the broad field of molten salt _ chemistry. This volume constitutes the plenary lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molten Salt Chemistry, Camerino, Italy, August 3-15, 1986. The fundamentals and several selected applications of molten salt chemistry were addressed. The major fundamental topics covered at this ASI were the structure of melts, thermodynamics of molten salt mixtures, theoretical and experimental studies of transport processes, metal-metal salt solutions, solvent properties of melt systems, acid-base effects in molten salt chemistry, electronic absorption, vibrational, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of melt systems, electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry in molten salts, and organic chemistry in molten salts. The applied aspects of molten salt chemistry included the chemistry of aluminum production, electrodeposition using molten salts, and molten salt batteries and fuel cells.
Contents
The Structure of Molten Salts.- Thermodynamic Properties of Molten Salt Solutions.- On the Conformal Ionic Solution Theory-Principles and Applications.- Thermodynamics of Molten Salt Mixtures.- Transport and Relaxation Processes in Molten Salts.- Transport Numbers in Molten Salts.- Brillouin Scattering in Ionic Liquids.- Application of Optical Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy to Chemical Reactions in Melts.- Vibrational Spectroscopy of Melts.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Molten Salts.- Metal-Metal Salt Solutions.- A Brief Introduction to Electrochemistry in Molten Salts and Chloroaluminate Melts.- Electrode Kinetics and Double Layer in Molten Salts.- Acid-Base Effects in Molten Electrolytes.- Chemical Solubilization of Metal Oxides and Sulfides in Chloride Melts by Means of Chlorination Agents.- Organic Chloroaluminate Ambient Temperature Molten Salts.- Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids.- Homogeneous Organic Reactions in Molten Salts. Selected Topics.- Friedel-Crafts Reactions in Chloroaluminate Molten Salts.- Electrodeposition from Molten Salts.- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Principles, Instrumentation, Data Processing and Molten Salt Applications.- Chemical and Physical Properties of the Hall-Héroult Electrolyte.- Electrode Reactions in Hall-Héroult Cells.- Molten Salt Batteries.
