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Full Description
The West African Sahel is the transition zone between the Saharadesert in the north of Africa and the more humid Sudanian zones in the south. Although diverse in many ways, the Sahelian countries have the common problem of a fragile agricultural sector. This predicament is mainly caused by low inherent soil fertility, limited and unpredictable rainfall, frequent droughts, and wind erosion that accelerates soil degradation and desertification, compounded by To assure food production in the future, means rapidly growing populations. of declining soil fertility and increasing must be found to offset the trends soil degradation through wind erosion. This is a challenge for agricultural research. Since 1985, the Special Research Program 308 'Adapted Farming in West Africa' at the UniversityofHohenheimin collaboration with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Niger, has pursued the developmentof agricultural innovations for smallholder farmers in one of the most ecologically fragile regions of the world. The prevention of soil degradation, the restoration and maintenance of soil fertility, and the increase of land and labor productivity are key objectives of this multidisci plinary research program. From the beginning, a major focus of research has been wind erosion.
Contents
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Climate of Niger Le climat au Niger.- 1.2 Soils of Western Niger Les sols de l'ouest du Niger.- 1.3 Farming Systems in Niger Systèmes d'exploitation agricoles au Niger.- 2 Extent And Implications Of Wind Erosion And Dust Transport.- 2.1 Origin, Deposition, and Composition of Dust, and Consequences for Soil and Site Properties with Special Reference to the Semi-arid Regions of West Africa Origine, déposition et composition de la poussière et conséquences sur les propriétés du sol et du site tout particulièrement pour les régions sémi-arides d'Afrique de l'Ouest.- 2.2 Wind Erosion and Wind Erosion Effects on the Growth and Development of Pearl Millet L'érosion éolienne et ses effets sur la croissance et le développement du petit mil.- 3 Control Measures For Wind Erosion.- 3.1 Effects of Natural Savannah Windbreaks and Soil Ridging on Wind Erosion and Growth of Cowpea and Millet Effets des brise-vent naturels de savane et du buttage du sol sur l'érosion éolienne et la croissance du niébé et du petit mil.- 3.2 Effects of Planted Windbreaks on Wind Erosion and Millet Growth, and Biomass Production of the Windbreaks Les effets de la plantation de brise-vent sur l'érosion éolienne, la croissance du petit mil, et la production de biomasse des brise-vent.- 3.3 Anti-erosive, Soil Physical, and Nutritional Effects of Crop Residues Effets anti-érosifs et effets physiques et nutritionnels des résidus de récoltes sur le sol.- 3.4 Effects of Different Rates of Crop Residue Application on Wind Erosion, Soil Properties, and Millet Growth Effets de l'utilisation de résidus de récoltes en quantités différentes sur l'érosion éolienne, les caractéristiques du sol et la croissance du petit mil.- Plates.- 4 Socio-EconomicEvaluation of Wind Erosion and Control Measures.- 4.1 Financial Analysis of Seven Planted Windbreaks Analyse financière de sept brise-vent plantés.- 4.2 An Economie Evaluation of the Use of Millet Crop Residues from a Farming Systems Perspective Une évaluation économique de l'utilisation de résidus de récoltes de mil dans l'optique d'un système de production.- 4.3 Farmers' Perceptions about Wind Erosion and Its Control Les savoirs paysans relatifs à l'érosion éolienne et sa maîtrise.- 5 Summary and Outlook.- Summary and Outlook.
