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Full Description
In November 1988 the "'Third Oberursel Symposium" devoted to the problems of input of pollutions into forest-ecosystems and their effects on plants or soil convened. After several years of intensive research on the effects of pollutions on forest ecosystems it is obvious that not a single specific pollutant can be made responsible but a mixture of several components act together or interact with each other. The contributions of the workshop _ reflect to a large extend the results of research projects which were started at the beginning of the eighties. They review our improved knowledge on the patterns of concentration, of the mechanism of wet and dry deposition and fog interception, modelling studies and the effect of the processes on plant receptors and surfaces. Since the 1985 symposium the pathways of pollutants leading to biological damage have been examined and are more clearly recognised. The book reflects the common interest and the continuous effort of scientists from many different disciplines to better understand the physical and chemical processes which finally lead to the observed damage of forest-trees. Comparing the conclusions of the contributions of this book _ with the results of the first Oberursel symposium in 1981, our knowledge on the relevance of the different mechanisms leading to forest-decay has been considerably improved. The book indicates also in which directions future work should be concentrated. Again, I have to thank the authors for their cooperation by submitting their recent research-results.
Contents
Deposition Into Forest Areas.- Deposition of atmospheric pollutants into a north German forest ecosystem.- Determination of dry deposition of gases over tree tops by measured data and a numerical model.- Profiles of ozone and surface layer parameters over a mature spruce stand.- Ozone in forest stands - Examinations to its occurence and degradation.- Annual variation of wet deposition at non-urban sites in central Europe.- Deposition by rain and snow - Dry deposition on snow.- Deposition of gaseous pollutants in a douglas fir forest: First results of the ACIFORN project.- Experimental estimation of the SO2-deposition on an artificial surface.- Dry deposition of atmospheric particles to an old spruce stand.- A contribution to the experimental quantification of dry deposition to the canopy of coniferous trees.- Occurrence of HNO3, NH3 and NH4NO3 in two forested regions in Austria.- Deposition of Organic Compounds.- Deposition of organic anions at a semi-rural site in central Europe.- Determination of organic peroxides.- The determination of phosgene in the lower troposhere.- Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in forest areas.- Case Studies.- The deposition of aerosol particles in a forest using an atmospheric residence time model.- Intercomparison of wet-only collectors and precipitation sensors.- Transmission of automobil exhaust within a forest.- Determination of the gaseous air pollutant uptake of a spruce branch by means of the enclosure technique.- Modelling the uptake of SO2 into leaves of forest canopies - Dynamic and steady state considerations.- Modelling the effect of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfite and sulfite on the metabolism of plants.- Accumulation of heavy metals in oak wood from polluted regions.- Investigations on Fog and Dew.- Trace substance inputto coniferous forests via cloud interception.- Comparison of wet deposition inputs via rain and fog interception at a high elevated forest site.- Design and operation of a two-stage fogwater collector.- The influence of manganese on the oxidation of sulfite in dew water.- Measurement of dew and fogwater deposition in forest stands.- Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Vegetation.- Effects of photooxidants on plants.- Effect of acidic fog on epicuticular wax layer and water status of Picea abies Karst..- Effects of H2O2 on spruce needles - Results of outdoor fog chamber experiments.- Interactions between root and crown in 90 - year old spruce under documented conditions of deposition.- Different cation exchange in the canopy of two neighbouring beech stands with regard to soil chemistry.- Spatial variation of stress factors and their influence on Norway Spruce nutrition.- Experiments on tree canopy deposition of SO2 and resulting leaching effects.- Effects of exhaust gas on various plant species in fumigation chambers under controlled conditions.- Studies on poplar clones after exposure in open-top chambers to flue gas from an atmospheric fluidised bed-boiler (AFBB).- Input of sulphur and acidity in three spruce stands in the vicinity of a strong SO2-source.- List of Participants.
