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To judge by the dictum of al-Ja‾i?upon these three: the brain of the Byzantine, the hands of the Chinese, and the tongue of the Arab', in the great age of the
Contents
I Introduction.- 1. Al-Jazar? - his life and environment.- 2. The Manuscripts.- 3. Translation and Illustrations.- 4. Modern works on al-Jazar?.- 5. Islamic technology up to al-Jazar?.- The Ban? M?sa.- `Archimedes'.- Al-Khuw?rizm?.- Ri?w?n.- 6. Arabic translations of earlier works.- II The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices Al-Jazar?'s complete work translated into English, together with reproductions of all the original illustrations Al-Jazar?'s Introduction.- Category I - Clocks.- 1 The castle water-clock.- Section 1 Introduction; its appearance and method of working.- Section 2 The water reservoir.- Section 3 Construction of the flow regulator.- Section 4 Installation of the instruments.- Section 5 Division of the circle for the outflow of water.- Section 6 On the place in which the apparatus is installed and the functioning of its instruments.- Section 7 On the means for imparting motion to all the things mentioned so far.- Section 8 On the means for imparting movements to the hands of the drummers and the cymbalist, and the sound for the trumpeters.- Section 9 Construction of the spheres of the zodiac, the sun, and the moon.- Section 10 On the place where the spheres are erected, and their functioning.- 2 The water-clock of the drummers.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and operation.- Section 2 On the water-instruments, and the functioning of the bucket which fills and empties every hour.- Section 3 Operation of the time-recording devices.- Section 4 On the construction of the men.- Section 5 On the means for imparting motion to the hands of the drummers and cymbalists, and the instrument from which the sound of the trumpeters issues.- 3 The water-clock of the boat.- Section 1 On its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the boat, the dome, the stanchions and the serpent, the castle and the cupola.- Section 3 On the construction of the equipment which is inside the trough.- Section 4 On the construction of the scribe and what is connected to him.- Section 5 On the construction of the falcon, the place for the balls in the castle, and the channel for discharging each ball into the falcon's head.- Section 6 On the connection of the chain on the float to the emplacement of the balls, the fixing of the mouthpiece to the hole in the float. The completion of the water-clock and its method of operation.- 4 The elephant water-clock.- Section 1 Its outside appearance.- Section 2 On what is seen from the working of this clock.- Section 3 Construction of the elephant and the dais.- Section 4 On what is fitted inside the elephant, and its method of operation.- Section 5 On the construction of the dome above the floor of the dais, the platform above the dome, the scribe above the platform and his movement.- Section 6 On the construction of the mahout and that which moves his hands.- Section 7 On the construction of the four pillars.- Section 8 On the construction of the castle.- Section 9 On the construction of the channel in which the balls move.- Section 10 Construction of the trough into which the balls fall.- Section 11 Construction of the ring, which is half white and half black, and which covers the apertures; construction of its movement; construction of the wheel upon which the bird on the castle's dome rotates; completion of the channel for the balls.- Section 12 Construction of the balcony and the man sitting thereon.- Section 13 Construction of the two serpents upon an axle.- Section 14 Construction of the instrument which whistles.- Section 15 On the construction of the two vases on the shoulders of the elephant, the hanging cymbal, and the preparation of the water-clock.- 5 The beaker water-clock.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and function.- Section 2 Construction of the lid for the beaker, and the movement for the scribe.- Section 3 Construction of the scribe.- 6 The water-clock of the peacocks.- Section 1 Description of the exterior of the clock and its operation.- Section 2 On the construction of the water apparatus.- Section 3 On the construction of the peacock and the movement which causes him to make a display every half hour.- Section 4 On the construction of the two chicks.- Section 5 On the construction of the peahen.- Section 6 On the construction of the roundels.- 7 The candle-clock of the swordsman.- Section 1 Introduction; its appearance and working principle.- Section 2 On the construction of the channel which carries the balls and of the falcon.- Section 3 On the construction of the bracket, of the slave, and of the movement for the sword-hand.- 8 The candle-clock of the scribe.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the sheath, the weight, and the place for the balls.- Section 3 On the construction of the scribe.- 9 The monkey candle-clock.- Section 1 Description of the outside of the clock and its functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the monkey's keeper and the post and the lifting mechanism.- 10 The candle-clock of the doors.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the doors and the figures which emerge from the doors.- Category II - Vessels and figures suitable for drinking sessions.- 1 A goblet which arbitrates at drinking parties.- Section 1 Description of the goblet and its functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the goblet and its mechanisms.- 2 A goblet which arbitrates at drinking parties.- 3 An arbiter for drinking parties (the castle wine dispenser).- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the dais and the columns on it; the slave-girl, her hand, the bottle and the goblet.- Section 3 Construction of the shells of the two castles, the dancer, the man in the second castle, the horseman and the horse.- Section 4 Construction of the wine reservoir and its float, which moves the standing man; and the door leaves; construction of the tipping-bucket into which the wine discharges; of the mechanisms for the horse and rider, the dancer, and the hands of the slave-girls.- Section 5 On the construction of the flute and the production of the sound from the sleeve of the flute-player.- 4 A boat which is placed on a pool during a drinking party.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the boat and the water-instruments fitted in the boat for producing the movements of the slave-girls' hands and the sound of the flute.- Section 3 Construction of the slave-girls on top of the platform, and the movements for their hands.- 5 A pitcher for dispensing different liquids.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the pitcher.- Section 3 Construction of the valve.- 6 The figure of a boon-companion who drinks the king's leavings.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and purpose.- Section 2 Construction of the boon-companion.- 7 A standing slave holding a fish and a goblet.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the figure.- Section 3 Construction of the slave's hands and their mechanism, of the fish, and of the palm of the slave's hand.- 8 A man holding a goblet and a bottle.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the left hand holding the bottle, of the wine reservoir and the tipping-bucket.- 9 A dais upon which are two shaykhs, each holding a goblet and a bottle.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the reservoir for the water, and its discharge.- 10 A slave-girl who emerges from a cupboard at intervals, holding a glass which contains wine.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the slave-girl's hand and its mechanism, the wine reservoir, the tipping-bucket and its trough.- Category III - Pitchers, basins and other things (for handwashing and phlebotomy).- 1 A pitcher from which hot water, cold water and mixed water is poured.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the deflector which discharges water into the two chambers; completion of the pitcher.- 2 A pitcher which dispenses water for the king to perform his ritual ablutions.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the pitcher's cover.- 3 A slave who pours water over the king's hands.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the reservoir for the water, its outlet, and the left hand.- 4 A peacock which discharges water from its beak.- 5 The basin of the monk, from which can be told the quantity of blood which falls into it.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the apparatus which conducts the blood from the basin, and that which turns the monk.- 6 The basin of the two scribes for blood-letting.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 The mechanisms for the scribes.- 7 The basin of the reckoner for blood-letting.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 On the construction of the fort, the man, the mechanism for his right hand, and for the indication of the divisions.- 8 The basin of the castle from which the amount of blood collected therein can be ascertained.- Section 1 The outside appearance of the basin, its contents, and its functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the six pillars and the castle on top of them.- 9 The basin of the peacock for washing the hands.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning.- Section 2 Construction of the basin, the four pillars, the castle on top of them with the two doors in its front, and the two slaves.- Section 3 Construction of the basin.- Section 4 Construction of the peacock and what is connected to it.- 10 The basin of the slave.- Section 1 Its outside appearance and functioning, and the construction of the dais and the slave.- Section 2 Construction of the basin and its contents.- Category IV - Fountains and perpetual flutes.- Introduction, on fountains.- 1 Fountain of the two tipping-buckets.- Section 1 Description of its construction.- Section 2 Its operation.- 2 Two fountains and two tipping-buckets, with four outlets.- 3 Fountain of the two floats.- Section 1 Construction of main equipment.- Section 2 Valve lifting and closing mechanisms.- 4 Two fountains of the two floats.- 5 The fountain of the bowl.- Section 1 Construction of the fountain.- Section 2 Construction (continued); operation.- 6 Fountain of the two tipping-buckets (with valves).- Section 1 Construction of the fountain.- Section 2 Construction of the cylinder like a balance for opening and closing the valves.- Section 3 Construction of the outlet for the water into the funnel, and of the two tipping-buckets into which the water falls.- 7 Instrument for perpetual flute, with two spheres.- 8 Instrument for perpetual flute, with two tipping-buckets.- 9 Instrument for perpetual flute, with a balance.- 10 Instrument for perpetual flute with two floats.- Category V - Machines for raising water.- 1 A machine for raising water from a pool to a higher place by an animal who turns a lever-arm.- 2 A machine for raising water from a pool or a well by an animal who rotates it.- 3 A machine for raising water by means of an endless chain of pots.- Section 1 Description of the pool and its contents.- Section 2 Its construction.- 4 A machine for raising water from a pool (by means of a flumed swape operated by a crank driven, through gears, by an animal).- 5 Pump driven by a water-wheel.- Section 1 Description of first version; description of second version, including internals of pump-box.- Section 2 Construction of cylinders, valves, suction and delivery pipes.- Section 3 Construction of paddle-wheel and cogwheel; assembly of the machine and its operation.- Category VI - Miscellaneous.- 1 A door of cast brass for the king's palace at ?mid.- Section 1 Its outside appearance.- Section 2 Construction of the lattice-work.- Section 3 Manufacture of the border from brass and red copper.- 2 A protractor.- Section 1 On the purpose of the instrument and its construction.- Section 2 Use of the instrument for determining centre-points.- Section 3 Use of the instrument for setting out different angles.- 3 A lock for locking a chest by means of 12 letters of the alphabet.- Section 1 The combination locks.- Section 2 Mechanisms inside the lid; the latch.- 4 Four bolts on the back of a door.- Section 1 The appearance of the bolts and their functioning.- Section 2 Manufacture of the pulley (cogwheel) which opens and closes the bolts.- 5 A boat clock.- Concluding passage to the Oxford Graves 27 manuscript.- III Notes.- Transliteration of Arabic letters; numerical equivalents of Arabic letters.- Explanatory Notes, chapter by chapter.- Category I Chapter 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.- 9.- 10.- II 1 & 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.- 9.- 10.- III 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- Category III Chapter 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.- 9.- 10.- IV 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7-10.- V 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- VI 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- Category I Clocks.- Categories II and III Vessels and Measuring Basins.- Category IV Fountains and Perpetual Flutes.- Category V Water Lifting Devices.- Category VI Miscellaneous.- 1 The Palace Door; Casting techniques.- 2 The protractor.- Chapters 3 and 4 The locks.- 5 The boat clock.- Individual Components.- 1. Wheels, axles and bearings.- 2. Water Equipment.- 3. Vessels and their fittings.- 4. Miscellaneous parts and fittings; materials.- 5. Weights and measures.- Conclusion (Including an assessment of al-Jazar?'s achievement and a discussion of his methods of presentation).
