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Full Description
In this volume on the mechanics of fracture of Portland cement concrete, the general theme is the connection between microstructural phenomena and macroscopic models. The issues addressed include techniques for observation over a wide range of scales, the influence of .microcracking on common measures of strength and de formability , and ultimately, the relationship between microstructural changes in concrete under load and its resistance to cracking. It is now commonly accepted that, in past attempts to force-fit the behavior of concrete into the rules of linear elastic fracture mechanics, proper attention has not been paid to scale effects. Clearly, the relationships among specimen size, crack length and opening, and characteristic material fabric dimensions have been, in comparison to their counterparts in metals, ceramics, and rocks, abused in concrete. Without a fundamental understanding of these relationships, additional testing in search of the elusive, single measure of fracture toughness has spawned additional confusion and frustration. No one is in a better position to document this observation than Professor Mindess.
Contents
1. Mechanics of material damage in concrete.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Mechanical strength of concrete.- 1.3 Stress and fracture analysis.- 1.4 Damage analysis of concrete beam in bending: effects of softening and loading step.- 1.5 Scaling of specimen size.- 1.6 Long time behavior and failure of concrete.- 1.7 Local and global stationary values of strain energy density function.- 1.8 General discussion.- References.- 2. Evaluation of concrete fracture.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Mechanism of failure in concrete.- 2.3 Behaviour of concrete under loading related to damage.- 2.4 Mechanical modeling of concrete by means of fracture mechanics.- References.- 3. Fracture toughness testing of cement and concrete.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Physical phenomena involved in fracture.- 3.3 Rate of loading effects.- 3.4 Notch sensitivity.- 3.5 Historical review of the applications of fracture mechanics to cementitious materials.- 3.6 Fracture toughness parameters and techniques.- 3.7 Valid specimen size.- 3.8 Conclusions.- References.- 4. Dependence of concrete fracture toughness on specimen geometry and on composition.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Resistance curves.- 4.3 Theoretical model.- 4.4 Uniaxial tensile stress-displacement relationship.- 4.5 Experimental investigation.- 4.6 Comparison with experimental data.- 4.7 Effects of compositions.- References.- 5. Microcracking in concrete.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Microcracking of concrete.- 5.3 Methods of study of microcracking.- 5.4 Effects of microcracks on the properties of concrete.- 5.5 Cracking of higher-strength versus lower-strength concrete.- 5.6 Summary.- References.- 6. Interferometry in scattered coherent light applied to the analysis of cracking in concrete.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The suitability of interferometric methods in scattered coherent light in the analysis of concrete cracking.- 6.3 Significance and quality of fringes obtained with interferometry in scattered coherent light.- 6.4 Comparative summary.- 6.5 Application of interferometric methods in scattered coherent light to the analysis of concrete cracking.- 6.6 Conclusion.- References.- Author index.
