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Full Description
Groundwater pollution in the Himalayan region is a growing concern due to the combined pressures of rapid urbanization, agricultural intensification, and climate change. The region fragile ecosystem, characterized by steep terrain and abundant rainfall, makes groundwater highly susceptible to contamination from surface activities. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, along with improper disposal of industrial and domestic waste, has led to the infiltration of harmful pollutants such as nitrates, heavy metals, and pathogens into aquifers. Furthermore, unregulated mining and deforestation exacerbate sedimentation and disrupt natural filtration processes, intensifying water quality degradation. The pollution not only threatens the health and livelihoods of millions who depend on groundwater as a primary resource but also poses significant risks to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Addressing this issue requires integrated efforts to implement sustainable land-use practices, strengthen wastewater management, and enhance community awareness about groundwater conservation.
Contents
1 Water: A necessity for survival
2 Surface water
3 Groundwater
4 Groundwater: Water reserve for future
5 Global Groundwater crisis
6 Groundwater Contamination
7 Himalayan Region
8 Groundwater in Himalayan Region
9 Current Status of Freshwater: Monitoring Assessment
10 Sustainable Conservation
11 Case Study Introduction
12 Case Study Literature and Research Gap
13 Case Study Materials and Methods
14 Case Study Observations and Results
15 Case Study Discussion
16 Case Study Conclusion
Bibliography
