基本説明
The basic claim is that transitivity is iconic: a construction with two distinct, independent arguments is prototypically used to refer to an event with two distinct, independent participants. From this principle, a unified account of the properties typically associated with transitivity can be derived, and an explanation for why these properties tend to correlate across languages can be given.
Full Description
This book presents a functional analysis of a notion which has gained considerable importance in cognitive and functional linguistics over the last couple of decades, namely 'prototypical transitivity'. It discusses what prototypical transitivity is, why it should exist, and how it should be defined, as well as how this definition can be employed in the analysis of a number of phenomena of language, such as case-marking, experiencer constructions, and so-called ambitransitives. Also discussed is how a prototype analysis relates to other approaches to transitivity, such as that based on markedness. The basic claim is that transitivity is iconic: a construction with two distinct, independent arguments is prototypically used to refer to an event with two distinct, independent participants. From this principle, a unified account of the properties typically associated with transitivity can be derived, and an explanation for why these properties tend to correlate across languages can be given.
Contents
1. Preface; 2. Chapter 1: Introduction; 3. 1.1. Why transitivity?; 4. 1.2. Theoretical preliminaries; 5. 1.3. Structure of the book; 6. Chapter 2: Why a transitive prototype?; 7. 2.1. Introduction; 8. 2.2. Prototype models; 9. 2.3. Markedness vs. prototypicality; 10. 2.4. Conclusion; 11. Chapter 3: Defining the transitive prototype: The Maximally Distinguished Arguments Hypothesis; 12. 3.1. Introduction; 13. 3.2. The Maximally Distinguished Arguments Hypothesis; 14. 3.3. Maximal distinction and functional explanations; 15. Chapter 4: The Affected Agent; 16. 4.1. Introduction; 17. 4.2. "Ingestive verbs" and affected agents; 18. 4.3. Crosslinguistic data; 19. 4. 4. 'Eat' and markers of agent affectedness; 20. 4.5. Alternative analyses; 21. 4.6. Other affected-agent constructions; 22. 4.7 Concluding remarks; 23. Chapter 5: Transitivity in verbs and clauses; 24. 5.1. Introduction; 25. 5.2. Previous feature-decompositional accounts; 26. 5.3. Semantic specifications of participant types; 27. 5.4. Semantic features in verb subcategorisation; 28. 5.5. Properties of argument NPs; 29. 5.6. Clause-level properties; 30. 5.7. Formal correlates; 31. 5.8. Conclusion; 32. Chapter 6: Ambitransitivity and indefinite object deletion; 33. 6.1. Introduction; 34. 6.2. Indefinite object deletion; 35. 6.3. Transitivity and indefinite object deletion; 36. 6.4. IOD and S/O ambitransitives; 37. Chapter 7: Maximal semantic distinction in core case-marking; 38. 7.1. Introduction; 39. 7.2. The discriminatory analysis; 40. 7.3. The indexing analysis; 41. 7.4. Case and the maximal semantic distinction of arguments; 42. 7.5. Case and semantic transitivity: Unifying discrimination and indexing; 43. 7.6. Semantic extensions; 44. 7.7. Discriminatory extensions; 45. 7.8. Split ergativity; 46. 7.9. A note on case-marking labels; 47. Chapter 8: Experiencers and the dative; 48. 8.1. Introduction; 49. 8.2. The semantic diversity of experience events; 50. 8.3. Experience clauses and the transitive prototype; 51. 8.4. The dative case; 52. Chapter 9: Beyond prototypical transitivity; 53. 9.1. From Agent and Patient to subject and object; 54. 9.2. Structural vs. semantic case; 55. 9.3. Other prototypes; 56. 9.4. Concluding remarks; 57. Appendix: Nonstandard abbreviations in glosses; 58. References; 59. Author index; 60. Language index; 61. Subject index
