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Coins, notes, fats, oils, soda waters, teas and wines, dyes and medicines, diplomas, certificates, patents and titles... Fakes were everywhere in the late Ottoman world. Did anyone care?
As this book shows, calls to "discriminate the true from the fake," a founding motto of philological practice from the 16th century onwards, prompted many encounters between forgers and bureaucrats in the late Ottoman world. Each tells a different story about how fakes occurred. Quoted and translated in full, reports of these forgery affairs shed new light on Ottoman state-society relations. They show that the taming of the fake has been crucial to the reforming of the state.
Contents
Preface: Forgery in Action
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
Abbreviations
Calendar Systems
Transliteration
About the cover
Introduction—Fakes: In It From the Outset
1 Carlo Ginzburg's Photo Finish
2 Robert-Henri Bautier's Passion
3 What Two Out-And-Out Usurpers Look Like
4 State Art and Statecraft
Part1 Apprehensions and Reprehensions: Looking for Imprints
Introduction to Part1
1 Symbolic Deaths, or Proscription
1 El-ḥâc Ṣâliḥ from Bûrdur
2 Ḥaḳḳı Efendi—Deactivating a Pasha
3 An Inventory as an Example
2 Sharp Sight, or the Reserves of Perspicacity
1 From Afar, or the Fleeting Glimpse of Meḥmed Fû'âd Efendi
2 Seen from Closer Up—the Attentive Gaze
3 Collocation Effects
4 In Which Excellence Frequents Mediocrity
5 Matter for Discernment
6 Distinctive Characteristics
3 Conditioning What Cannot Be Discerned
1 Clipped and Gilded
2 Meḥmed the Kurd, or the Mutism of Scratching
3 Sándor Radnóti, or the Power of Wear(ing)
4 Süleymân Efendi, or Interpolation in the Hollows
5 The Report from Bîġâ, or How to Falsify Without Altering
6 Falsification despite the Indiscernible
7 Vanishing Fakes
8 The Garden of San Stefano
4 Extracts from the Realm of Particles
A Short Theory of Mixtures and Amalgamations
1 Medicines, Fats, and Assimilated Products
2 Trieste Rums, Leucadian Wines
3 Water, Lemonade, and Carbonic Acid
4 Rearranged and Recomposed
5 Léon the Austrian and Co.
6 Aniline and Its Admixtures
7 The Color of Science: The Artifice of Chromatopsia
8 Tea in the Laboratory
9 All Sorts of Avania
10 The Apothecary Dressed Up as a Chemist
Coda: The Power of Suspicion
1 Gone AWOL
Part2 Characterization and Classification: The Morphology of Reports and Relationships
Introduction to Part2
1 One Beginning, Two Trials
5 Forgers and Co.
Incrimination by the Gang
1 Lads from the Docks (1)
2 The Steamer from Trebizond
3 Traces of Companionship
4 Lads from the Docks (2)
5 Vâsîlâkî, Sûrepa, Mıġırdîc, and the Gang
6 Confecting Is Conceiving
Conviction by Instruments
1 The Idle-Handed
2 Forever Tinkering, Forever Trying
7 The Work of Interrogation
1 The Question
2 Pressure
3 To Summarize
Afterword: Making the Most of Fakes
Appendix 1: Facsimiles and Transliterations
Appendix 2: Analytical Table
Bibliography
Index of Operations
Index of Terms & Phrases
