Full Description
This book presents Lars Johanson's Code-Copying Model, an integrated framework for the description of contact-induced processes. The model covers all the main contact linguistic issues in their synchronic and diachronic interrelationship. The terminology is kept intuitive and simple to apply. Illustrative examples from a wide range of languages demonstrate the model's applicability to both spoken and written codes. The fundamental difference between 'take-over' copying and 'carry-over' copying is given special value. Speakers can take over copies from a secondary code into their own primary code, or alternatively carry over copies from their own primary code into their variety of a secondary code. The results of these two types of copying are significantly different and thus provide insights into historical processes.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Examples
Abbreviations
Notations
Transcription
1 The Code-Copying Model
1 Introduction
2 Basic Code and Model Code
3 Take-over and Carry-over Copying
4 Code Switching and Code Mixing
5 Global and Selective Copying
6 The Contact Globe
7 The Order of Influence
8 Copying Is a Creative Act
9 Attractiveness
10 Contact Processes
11 Extremely High Levels of Copying
12 Historical Stratification
13 Distinguishing Carry-over and Take-over Copying
14 Example of Carry-over Copying: Linguistic Convergence in the Volga Area
2 Global Copies
3 Selective Copies
1 Selective Copying of Material/Phonological Features
2 Selective Copying of Semantic Features
3 Selective Copying of Combinational Features
4 Semantic-Combinational Copies
5 Selective Copying of Frequential Patterns
6 Mixed Copies
7 Distributional Classes
8 Degree of Complexity
9 Accommodation of Copies
4 Code-Copying and Grammaticalization
1 Isomorphism
2 Combined Scheme
3 Aikhenvald's 'Grammatical Accommodation' as a Case of Selective Copying
4 Diachronic Processes Are Not Copiable
5 Lexical and Grammatical Targets of Copying
6 Awareness of Sources
7 Use after Copying
8 'Inherited Grammaticalization'
9 Conceivable Carry-over-Copying of Evidentials
5 Remodeling Languages
1 Code-Internal Development
2 Remodeling the Basic-Code Frame
3 Convergence and Divergence
4 Converging through Selective Copying
5 Momentary, Habitualized, and Conventionalized Copies
6 Turkic Family-External Contacts
7 Code-Copying in Some Large Languages of the World
1 English
2 Chinese
3 Arabic
4 Russian
8 Stability
9 High-Copying Codes
1 Examples of High-Copying Languages
2 Attitudes towards High-Copying Varieties
10 Cognates and Copies
1 Distinctions between Cognates and Copies
2 Motivations for Copying Bound Morphemes
3 Cognates and Copies in Altaic Verb Derivation
4 Copies
5 Evidence
6 Arguments from Silence
7 Copies and Copiability
8 Superstable Morphology?
9 Typological Arguments
11 Types of Copying in Written Languages
1 Types 1 and 2: Take-over and Carry-over Copying
2 Subtypes of Type 1 Take-over Copying
3 Type 2: Carry-over Copying
4 Type 3: Alternate Use of the Codes
5 A Lower-Ranking Code Explicates Texts in Higher-Ranking Code
6 Type 5: Higher Ranking Code as Graphic Representation of the Lower Ranking Code
7 Examples of Type 1 Take-over Copying
8 Examples of Type 2: Carry-over Copying
9 Examples of Type 3: Alternate Use of the Codes
10 Examples of Type 4: Lower-Ranking Code Explicates Higher-Ranking Code
11 Examples of Type 5: Higher-Ranking Code Represents Lower-Ranking Code
12 A Passive-Active Scale
References
Index
