Full Description
At the foundation of international law lies the notion of ius gentium or right of peoples, an idea that fully came into its own with the discovery of America and the effort to resolve the moral issues posed by the Spanish presence. Once Vitoria broadened the Augustinian concept of an international community by proposing the use of reason as the only criterion for membership in that community, it remained to formulate the laws needed to impose order on it. But before accomplishing that task, two questions must be accounted for: what is the nature of the ius gentium, and what is its relation to ius naturale? How theologians, philosophers, jurists sought the answers between 1500 and 1700 is the subject of this essay.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Background: The Fathers
1 St. Augustine
2 St. Thomas
part 1
The Theologians' Moment
1 The American Question
1 The Indians and their Commonwealths
2 Vitoria's De potestate civile
3 Commentaries
2 Soto: Subjective Natural Right
1 Life
2 The Law
3 Natural Law
4 Precepts and Principles
5 Dominium
6 The Right of Peoples
part 2
The Philosophers' Moment
3 The Philosophy of Order: Suárez
1 Introduction
2 Reason or Will?
3 Natural Right
4 The ius gentium
5 The Origin of the Right of Peoples
6 Civil Society
7 The Political Pact
4 The Making of a Ius Belli: Grotius
1 Life
2 The Case for the Will
3 Natural Right
4 Political Ideas
5 If God did not Exist
6 The Nature of Natural Right
7 The Right of Peoples
8 The Law of War
part 3
The Jurists' Moment
5 The Early Jurists
1 Diego de Covarrubias
2 Baltasar Ayala
3 Alberico Gentili
6 The Making of an International Authority: Rachel
1 The Characteristics of Natural Right
2 Divine Providence
3 A Scientific System of Natural Right
4 The Right of Peoples
5 The Case for a ius gentium
7 Natural Right, Reign without Rule: Textor
1 The General Notion of ius gentium
2 The Division of the ius gentium
3 Civil Society
4 The Right to Resist
5 War
The Philosophy of Chaos: Hobbes
Bibliography
Index of Persons
Index of Subjects
