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Around 1900 the small Ethiopian community in Jerusalem found itself in a desperate struggle with the Copts over the Dayr al-Sultan monastery located on the roof of the Holy Sepulchre. Based on a profoundly researched, impassioned and multifaceted exploration of a forgotten manuscript, this book abandons the standard majority discourse and approaches the history of Jerusalem through the lens of a community typically considered marginal. It illuminates the political, religious and diplomatic affairs that exercised the city, and guides the reader on a fascinating journey from the Ethiopian highlands to the Holy Sepulchre, passing through the Ottoman palaces in Istanbul.
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Contents
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments for the English Edition
List of Figures
Note on Transliteration and Dates
Introduction: A Historical Emergency: The Paradoxical Posterity of a Failed Manuscript
1 A Sidestep
2 Three Readings
3 Microcosm, Macrocosm
1 Dayr al-Sultan: A Rooftop Monastery
1 A Monastery on a Roof
2 One Place, Two Memories
3 Histories and Research about the Monastery
4 The Limits of Previous Studies
2 An Enigmatic Unpublished Manuscript
1 The Archives of the Ethiopian Orthodox Community
2 An Unpublished Manuscript
3 A Cryptic Text
3 The Archaeology of a Militant Propaganda Text
1 A Text Based on Another Dated 1893
2 Sources: The Backbone of the Text
3 Adaptations, Additions and Interpretations
4 A Linguistically Challenged and Challenging Text
4 Conflicts and Protections: 1850-1903
1 Dayr al-Sultan: An Unending Local Conflict
2 A Community with No Legal Autonomy
3 Having Their Voices Heard in Istanbul
5 With Memory as His Only Weapon
1 A New Stage in the Ethiopian Claims
2 Making up for the Absence of Legal Documentation
3 Justifying the Absence of Legal Documentation
4 A Respond to the Coptic Arguments
6 The Reflection of an Ethiopia in Transformation
1 A Dearth of Written Ethiopian Sources
2 No Ethiopian Kings Concerned about Jerusalem?
3 A New Interest for Jerusalem
4 Differentiating Ethiopians from Copts
5 Presenting the Community as Homogeneous
7 The Ethiopians in a Global City
1 Rediscovering Jerusalem
2 Imperial Ethiopia
3 The Opening of an Ottoman City
4 Modernization of Local Administration
5 Protection and Involvement in Conflict over the Holy Sites
6 Acting and Evolving Depending on Others ...
7 ... And Yet Declaring Oneself Isolated from Others
Conclusion: The Keys to Power: The Ethiopians at the Doors of the Sanctuary
Amharic Text and English Translation of Walda Madhen
Appendix 1: German Version of the Ethiopian Anonymous Text of 1893
Appendix 2: Letter Written by Samuel Gobat to James Howard Harris, Earl of Malmesbury, June 29, 1852
Appendix 3: Account of Giovanni Battista Albengo, 1893
Appendix 4: Short Chronology
Sources and Bibliography
Index