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Full Description
In The Economics of Friendship, Tazuko Angela van Berkel offers an account of the notion of reciprocity in 5th- and 4th-century Greek incepting social theory. The preoccupation with the norms of philia and charis, conspicuous in sources from the Classical Period, is a symptom of changes in the shape of ancient economic activities: the ubiquitous norm that one should reciprocate benefit with benefit becomes a source of conceptual confusion in the Classical Period, where other forms of exchange become conceptually available. This confusion and tension between different models of mutuality, is productive: it is the impetus for folk theory in comedy, tragedy and oratory, as well as philosophical reflection (Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle) on what it is that binds people together.
Contents
1 Introduction: The Economics of Friendship
1 Friendship: Money Can't Buy It?
2 Φιλια
3 An Economic Mentality
4 Apparatus and Argument
2 Grace under Pressure: The Anatomy of χάρις
The Argument
1 Three Cases of Isomorphism
2 χάρις and Successful Interaction
3 Perception and méconnaissance
4 Conflicts and Cynicism
5 Concluding Remarks
3 The Most Ancient of Obligations: The Nature of Filial Duty
1 The Parent-Child Bond: A Paradigm-Case
2 The Debtor Paradigm of Obligation
3 The Gratitude Theory
4 The Gratitude Theory Analysed
5 Tensions in the Script: The Possibility of χάρις
6 Concluding Remarks
4 A Debtor Paradigm of Obligation: Principles of Moral Accounting
1 Moral Bookkeeping
2 Morality as Paying Debts
3 Debts, Gifts and Morality
4 Concluding Remarks: The Ledger under Taboo
5 Pricing the Invaluable: Socrates and the Proper Use of Friends
The Argument
1 Framing Socratic Conversation
2 False Friends, Part One: Utility, Ancient and Modern
3 False Friends Part Two: Economics, Ancient and Modern
4 Education and the Logic of Wage-Earning
5 Concluding Remarks: The Givenness of the Good
6 Active Partnership: Socrates and the Art of Seduction
The Argument
1 Amazing Grace: Looking as a Reciprocal Endeavour
2 The Hunter Hunted: Role Reversals and the Paradox of the Hetaera
3 Desire Management
4 The Secrets of Love Magic
5 The Socratic Principle: Pay It Forward
6 Concluding Remarks: Language Games at the Market Frontier
7 Relational Economics: Aristotle on Value and Equivalence
1 Aristotle Discovers the Economy?
2 Equivalence
3 Value and Values
4 The Politics of Need
5 Concluding Remarks
Epilogue: Hostile Worlds
Bibliography
Index
