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Full Description
This book follows the renovation of European economic history towards a more unified interpretation of sources of growth and stagnation. To better understand the diversity of patterns of growth, we need to look beyond the study of the industrialization of the core economies, and explore the centuries before it occurred. Portuguese agriculture was hardly ever at the European productivity and technological forefront and the distance from it varied substantially across the second Millennium. Yet if we look at the periods of the Christian Reconquista, the recovery from the Black Death, the response to the globalization of the Renaissance, to the eighteenth century economic enlightenment, or to nineteenth century industrialization, we may conclude that agriculture in this country of the European periphery was often adaptive and dynamic. The fact that economic backwardness was not overcome by the end of the period is no longer the most relevant aspect of that story.
Contributors are: Luciano Amaral, Amélia Branco, Dulce Freire, António Henriques, Pedro Lains, Susana Münch Miranda, Margarida Sobral Neto, Jaime Reis, Ana Maria Rodrigues, José Vicente Serrão and Ester G. Silva.
Contents
List of Maps, Tables and Graphs
Notes on the Contributors
Introduction
Dulce Freire and Pedro Lains
Part I - State formation and Malthusian growth
Chapter 1 - The Reconquista and its legacy, 1000-1348
António Henriques
Introduction
The Reconquista
Institutional developments
Cities, markets and agrotowns
Production and productivity
Conclusion
Chapter 2 - The Black Death and recovery, 1348-1500
Ana Maria S. A. Rodrigues
Introduction
Plague, war and demographic decline
The reversal of fortunes
Commercialization
The impact of the overseas expansion
Conclusion
Part II - New frontiers, crisis and growth
Chapter 3 - Coping with Europe and the Empire, 1500-1620
Susana Münch Miranda
Introduction
Population pressure and urban expansion
Institutional framework and output cycles
The landscape and the production structure
The marketplace
Conclusion
Chapter 4 - Conflict and decline, 1620-1703
Margarida Sobral Neto
Introduction
Domestic settlements and emigration
Colonial trade
Subsistence farming and the market
Output cycles
Conclusion
Chapter 5 - Extensive growth and market expansion, 1703-1820
José Vicente Serrão
Introduction
The rural landscape
The macroeconomic context
Grain issues
Property rights
Conclusion
Chapter 6 - Gross agricultural output: a quantitative, unified perspective, 1500-1850
Jaime Reis
Introduction
Method and data
Trend, cycles and short term fluctuations
Are the results consistent?
Conclusion
Part III - Growth, structural change and economic policy
Chapter 7 - Growth and structural change, 1820-1929
Amélia Branco and Ester G. Silva
Introduction
Land, output and productivity
Institutional change
Agrarian innovation
Conclusion
Chapter 8 - Economic policy, growth and the demise, 1929-2000
Luciano Amaral and Dulce Freire
Introduction
Quantitative evolution
Protectionism
State and corporatist organizations
The Common Agricultural Policy
Conclusion
Part IV - Lessons from the second Millennium
Chapter 9 - Agriculture and economic development on the European frontier, 1000-2000
Pedro Lains
Introduction
Lessons from the European frontier
Convergence and divergence in European agriculture
Conclusion
Appendix - Maps and data for climate, relief, administrative divisions, urbanization, agricultural output and infrastructures in Portugal, 1000-2000
Index
