Full Description
The aim of Dialect, Culture and Society in Eastern Arabia is to give a detailed description of the Arabic dialects and culture of the island state of Bahrain of the pre-oil era. The present Volume III: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Style, is based on an extensive archive of recorded material, gathered for its ethnographic as well as its purely linguistic interest.
Contents
General Introduction vii
Acknowledgements xi
Volume III: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Style xiii
Map 1 and Key xiv
Map 2 and Key xv
Abbreviations and Conventions xvi
References xviii
1 Communities, Histories, and Dialects in Bahrain and the Wider Gulf 1
1.1 Communities 1
1.2 Historical Memory, Real and Imagined 6
1.3 Language History 10
1.4 Core and Periphery 32
1.5 Eastern Arabia and Central Asia 41
1.6 Summary and Conclusions 48
2 Phonology 50
2.1 Phoneme Inventory: Consonants 50
2.2 Phoneme Inventory: Vowels 65
2.3 The Syllable 69
2.4 Consonant Clusters 71
2.5 Stress 76
2.6 Phonotactics 76
3 Morphology (I) 81
3.1 Pronouns 81
3.2 Adverbs 100
3.3 Particles 103
3.4 Nouns 116
3.5 Adjectives 128
3.6 The Construct State 130
3.7 Nunation (tanwīn) 131
3.8 Numerals 134
4 Morphology (II) 138
4.1 Verb Patterns and Stems: Active Voice 138
4.2 The Internal ('Apophonic') Passive 166
4.3 Quadriliterals 168
4.4 Inflectional Morphology 184
4.5 The Strong Verb: Imperative 201
4.6 The Strong Verb: Participles 202
4.7 The Verbal Noun 204
4.8 The Geminate Verb 209
4.9 The Weak Verb 209
4.10 Irregular Verbs 211
5 Syntax 213
5.1 The Noun Phrase (NP) 213
5.2 The Verb Phrase (VP) 227
5.3 Agreement 326
5.4 Word Order 354
5.5 Clause Co-ordination 369
5.6 Subordinate Noun Clauses 374
5.7 Relative Clauses 387
5.8 Clauses of Reason 391
5.9 Clauses of Purpose and Result 393
5.10 Clauses of Comparison and Degree 397
5.11 Conditional and Time Clauses 402
6 Style in Spoken Discourse 434
6.1 Involving the Listener/ Interlocutor 435
6.2 Narrative Techniques 447
6.3 Dramatization 458
6.4 Affect 463
7 Some Trends in Dialectal Change Since the Mid-1970s 467
7.1 Sociolinguistic Studies of Bahrain of the 1970s 467
7.2 The Work of al-Qouz (2009) 469
7.3 Further Observations Post-1970s 474
Further addenda and corrigenda to Volume I 479
