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Full Description
Morality is often defined in opposition to the natural "instincts," or as a tool to keep those instincts in check. New findings in neuroscience, social psychology, animal behavior, and anthropology have brought us back to the original Darwinian position that moral behavior is continuous with the social behavior of animals, and most likely evolved to enhance the cooperativeness of society. In this view, morality is part of human nature rather than its opposite. This interdisciplinary volume debates the origin and working of human morality within the context of science as well as religion and philosophy. Experts from widely different backgrounds speculate how morality may have evolved, how it develops in the child, and what science can tell us about its working and origin. They also discuss how to deal with the age-old facts-versus-values debate, also known as the naturalistic fallacy. The implications of this exchange are enormous, as they may transform cherished views on if and why we are the only moral species.
These articles are also published in Behaviour, Volume 151, Nos. 2/3 (February 2014).
Suitable for course adoption!
Contents
Table of Contents
1. Evolution
A history of the altruism-morality debate in biology
Oren Harman
The moral consequences of social selection
Christopher Boehm
Natural normativity: The "is" and "ought" of animal behavior
Frans de Waal
2. Meta-ethics
Empiricism and normative ethics: What do the biology and the psychology of morality have to do with ethics?
Owen Flanagan, Aaron Ancell, Stephen Martin and Gordon Steenbergen
Human nature and science
Simon Blackburn
Is a naturalized ethics possible?
Philip Kitcher
The origins of moral judgment
Richard Joyce
3. Neuroscience and Development
The neurobiological platform for moral values
Patricia Smith Churchland
The neuroscience of social relations. A comparative-based approach to empathy and to the capacity of evaluating others' action value
Pier Francesco Ferrari
A social cognitive developmental perspective on moral judgment
Larisa Heiphetz and Liane Young
Morality, intentionality, and intergroup attitudes
Melanie Killen and Michael T. Rizzo
4. Religion
Does religion make people moral?
Ara Norenzayan
Supernatural beliefs: Adaptations for social life or byproducts of cognitive adaptations?
Vittorio Girotto, Telmo Pievani, Giorgio Vallortigara
