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Philosophia Basic Philosophical ConceptsAnselm Ramelow (Editor) GOD Reason and Reality ISBN 978-3-88405-109-2 © 2014 Philosophia Verlag GmbH. München____________________________________________________________Abstracts to the new contributions in this collection Robert SpaemannWhat Do We Mean When We Say "God"?Before we can answer the question, whether God exists, we need to understand what we mean by this question, i.e. what we mean by "God." Different religions use the term "God," yet whether this term has the same referent, depends on its sense. Not all changes of the sense seem to imply a change of reference. The most basic sense seems to aim at a unique and inextricable unity of omnipotence and goodness, both of which are taken as absolute and yet dependent on each other.Thomas Joseph White, O.P.Monotheistic Rationality and Divine Names: Why Aquinas' Analogy Theory Transcends both Theoretical Agnosticism and Conceptual Anthropomorphism This essay examines the philosophical thinking of St. Thomas Aquinas' regard-ing analogical names for God. Aquinas' philosophical theory of analogy takes its shape from conversations with Aristotle, Proclus, Dionysius and Maimon-ides. The balance Aquinas strikes on analogical names for God seeks to avoid the twin extremes of a theory of divine names that is excessively apophatic, leaning toward agnosticism, and one that is excessively anthropomorphic, un-derstanding God through the prism of a univocalist conceptuality. The poise of this position is applicable in a contemporary context. After Kant and Heidegger it is common place to label all theistic projects as forms of onto-theology, in-evitably dominated by what some have termed "conceptual idolatry." Mean-while, influential trends in analytic philosophy often seek a clarity regarding the concept of God at the expense of a sufficient acknowledgement of the apo-phatic quality of all natural knowledge of God. Aquinas' arguments provide a way to think about affirmativeknowledge of God that is not anthropomorphic and apophatic knowle Theoretical Agnosticism dge of God that is not agnostic. The project of analogical naming of God in the Thomist tradition remains one of enduring value and is formative for avoiding problematic ways of theistic and atheistic thinking.Lawrence DewanThomas Aquinas, and Knowledge of a God as the Goal of PhilosophyThe present paper is meant to recall the Aristotelian doctrine of the natural human desire to know as finding its complete fulfillment in knowledge of the highest cause, otherwise called "a God". The most truly "philosophical" knowledge will grasp things in the light of the divine, the supreme cause. Phi-losophy as its most philosophical is best understood as "theology" or "divine science", as Aristotle indicated.I show how this is seen by Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century A.D., but that many, both then as still today, have taken the doctrine of a creator God as nec-essarily involving a doctrine of finite duration of the universe (looking towards the past). Thus, for such people God as creator seems unknowable to someone who allows no temporal beginning of a created universe.Thomas was able to understand a doctrine of creation of the eternal (in the past) Aristotelian world, and saw that doctrine as professed by Aristotle. He could thus also understand the truth about the highest philosophy being "theol-ogy" (in one quite appropriate meaning of the word).The god I find Thomas presenting in an Aristotelian philosophical portrait is quite readily viewed as creator and providence, knowing all things other than himself through and through. This does not mean that there is no affirmation by Thomas of a realm of theology "beyond philosophy." We show at the very outset that one must distinguish between natural and supernatural "theologies."Stamatios GerogiorgakisEvidence and Principles in Bayesian Theism I present Bayesian theism, i.e. Richard Swinburne's arguments for the exis-tence
