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Description
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Investigating perceptions of linguistic variation in a culturally diverse context, this study examines immigrant language regard and ideologies in Florida and the U.S. Taking on a variationist perspective, it analyzes perceptual data against various social variables and combines approaches in sociolinguistics, perceptual dialectology and language attitude research. In doing so, mental maps were gathered and run in ArcGIS, an advanced information system to make geolinguistic spaces visible. Results reveal subliminal, yet strong language attitudes and prove that language regard is highly ideological in nature.
(Table of content)
Contents
List of abbreviations ....................................................................................................xii
List of figures ............................................................................................................. xiii
List of tables ............................................................................................................... xvi
1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
2 Language in US-American society ................................................................. 12
2.1 The state of multilingual America ..................................................................... 12
2.1.1 US-American immigration patterns ................................................................... 13
2.1.2 Varieties of US-American English .................................................................... 16
2.1.3 Language policies in the U.S. ............................................................................ 18
2.1.3.1 The Spanish language and its speakers .................................................. 23
2.1.3.2 Bilingual education ................................................................................ 25
2.1.3.3 Language contact and Spanglish ............................................................ 28
2.2 Florida: History, people and facts ...................................................................... 32
2.2.1 Looking back - Settlement and immigration ..................................................... 33
2.2.1.1 Spanish settlements in Florida ............................................................... 34
2.2.1.2 Florida's Cubanization and Hispanicization .......................................... 37
2.2.2 Looking ahead - Implications of the present ..................................................... 47
2.3 Linguistic ideologies, language allegiances and identity construction ............... 50
2.3.1 The standard language ideology ........................................................................ 51
2.3.2 Language attitudes ............................................................................................. 54
2.3.3 Identity construction in multilingual contexts ................................................... 54
2.4 Preliminary conclusions for language (ideologies) in the U.S. .......................... 56
3 Theoretical foundations: The study of language regard ............................... 59
3.1 Folk linguistics and perceptual dialectology ...................................................... 60
3.1.1 Methods in perceptual dialectology ................................................................... 64
3.1.1.1 Language ratings .................................................................................... 65
3.1.1.2 Dialect identification tasks ..................................................................... 66
3.1.1.3 Mapping technique ................................................................................ 67
3.2 Literature review ............................................................................................... 72
3.2.1 Language regard in the U.S. .............................................................................. 72
3.2.2 Florida's sociolinguistic situation ...................................................................... 77
3.2.2.1 Florida at a geolinguistic border ............................................................ 79
3.2.2.2 Miami Latino English ............................................................................ 82
3.3 Prelimin



