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Full Description
The First International Symposium on the Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes was held in Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, in May, 1970, under the direction of Professor G. Bonsignore. Because of rapid developments in this field, a second Symposium was organized a year and a half later in Rottach-Egern, Germany (October, 1971) by Professors E. He1mreich, H. Holzer and O. Wieland. At that time, so much new information had accumulated that it was decided to repeat such conferences approx imately every other year; the United States was chosen as the next site. This publi cation reports the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes held at the Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, Washington, June 5 - 8, 1973. The conferences were originally designed to examine the control of metabolic reactions by covalent modification of certain key enzymes. Covalent, as opposed to allosteric or metabolic, regulation had first been recognized some fifteen years be fore. Initially thought to represent an added sophistication in regulatory processes possibly reserved to higher organisms, covalent regulation has now been found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Those early studies in covalent modification revealed for the first time the existence of special "converter" enzymes whose purpose in life is to switch other molecules from one state of activity to another.
Contents
Regulation of Metabolic Processes by Covalent Modification of Proteins.- Introductory Remarks.- Phosphorylation—Dephosphorylation.- Glycogen Phosphorylase.- Studies on the Molecular Aspects of Phosphorylase b ? a Conversion.- Roles of 5'AMP and of its Analogs in the Activiation of Muscle Glycogen.- The Role of the ? and ? Subunits in the Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase Activity.- Purification and Properties of Rabbit Muscle Phosphorylase Phosphatase.- The Use of Alternative Substrates in the Study of Phosphorylase Phosphatase and Phosphorylase Kinase.- Glycogen Synthetase.- Studies on Glycogen Synthase and its Control by Hormones.- Liver Glycogen Synthetase.- The Control of Glycogen Metabolism in the Liver.- Pyruvate Lèhydrogenase Complex.- Structure, Function and Regulation of the Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex.- Regulation of Mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenases.- On the Mechanism of Insulin Action on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Interconversion in Adipose Tissue.- Cyclic AMP Dependent and Independent Protein Kinases.- Protein Kinase Activity in Escherichia coli.- Molecular Characterization of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Derived from Bovine Heart and Human Erythrocytes.- Phosphorylation of Non-Enzymatic Proteins: a) Ribosomal Proteins.- Ribosomal Proteins from Rabbit Reticulocytes: Numbers, Molecular Weights, Relative Amounts and Phosphorylation by Protein Kinases.- Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Proteins in Higher Organisms.- Phosphorylation of Non-Enzymatic Proteins: b) Muscle Proteins.- Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of Skeletal Muscle Troponin.- The Effect of Phosphorylation of Structural Muscle Proteins on the Actomyosin ATPase.- Phosphorylation of a Dogfish Skeletal Muscle Protein Related to Parvalbumin.- Adenylylation, Uridylylationand ADP-Ribosylation.- Glutamine Synthetase.- Fluorescence Studies of Glutamine Synthetase from Escherichia coli: ?-Adenylylated and Unadenylylated Enzymes.- Uridylylation of the PII Regulatory Protein in Cascade Control of Escherichia coli Glutamine Synthetase.- Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase.- T4-Induced Modification of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase in vitro.- Diphtheria Toxin.- Covalent Alterations of Protein Structure in the Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Diphtheria Toxin.- Other Types of Covalent Modifications.- SH-SS Interchange.- Interconversion of Nitrate and Nitrite Reductase of the Assimilatory Type.- Activation of Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Disulfide Formation.- Limited Proteolysis.- Conversion of Neutral to Alkaline Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase by Proteolytic Mechanisms: Structure-Function Relationship.- Initiation of Physiological Function by Limited Proteolysis.- New Intracellular Proteases in Various Organs and their Regulation.- Rolle of Proteinases and their Inhibitors in the Regulation of Yeast Metabolism.- Protein-Protein Interactions.- Intra- and Interprotomeric Interactions between the Catalytic Regions of Aspartokinase I-Homoserine Dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli K 12.- Regulation of L-Threonine Dehydrase via Ligand-Induced Oligomerization.- Renaturation Mechanism of Pyruvate Kinase of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.- Interaction between Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Transaminase.- Hydrophobic Chromatography in the Study of Regulatory Enzymes.- Regulation of Enzymes in situ.- Author Index.
