Full Description
The positive versus negative distinction of schizophrenic disorders has pro- moted ongoing research. Phenomenology, psychopathology, biology, genet- ics, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment, psychosocial and longitudinal research: all have found a new focus of interest. This volume attempts to provide an unbiased picture of the status of American and Eu- ropean knowledge regarding the positive/negative distinction. Researchers from North America and Europe describe the relation of modern concepts of positive and negative symptomatology to the original models of Rey- nolds and Jackson. Integrating phenomenological, genetic, and biological factors, the authors depict current methods of assessing positive and nega- tive symptomatology, differentiating between primary and secondary symp- tomatology, and using pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. The stability of positive and negative symptoms over time and evidence for the occurrence of separate positive and negative episodes over a long-term course of schizophrenia are extensively discussed in terms of their implica- tions on the positive/negative construct.
The relevance of the positive/nega- tive dichotomy to child and adolescent schizophrenia is also debated. The main aim of this book is not to advocate a single concept and present only arguments supporting it, but to discuss important controversies. Prob- lems concerning a concept cannot be solved by ignoring them. However, unanswered questions may be resolved through discussion, debate, and con- structive compromise.
Contents
Dichotomies and Other Distinctions in Schizophrenia.- Positive and Negative Signals: A Conceptual History.- Positive and Negative Symptoms: Assessment and Validity.- Assessment of Negative Symptoms: Instruments and Evaluation Criteria.- Methodological Problems in Identifying and Measuring First-Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia.- Anhedonia and the Amotivational State of Schizophrenia.- Constituting Reality - Its Decline and Repair in the Long-Term Course of Schizophrenic Psychoses: The Intentionality Model.- Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Relationships to Positive Symptoms and Outcome.- Negative Symptoms: A Critique of Current Approaches.- Are There Two Types of Schizophrenia? True Onset and Sequence of Positive and Negative Syndromes Prior to First Admission.- Dependence, Independence or Interdependence of Positive and Negative Symptoms.- Long-Term Monomorphism of Negative and Positive Schizophrenic Episodes.- Premorbid and Sociodemographic Features of Schizophrenia with Positive and Negative Initial Episodes.- Long-Term Outcome of Patients with a Positive Initial Episode Versus Patients with a Negative Initial Episode.- The Concept of Positive and Negative Schizophrenia in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.- Negative Symptoms in the Long-Term Course of Childhood Schizophrenia: A Discussion Contribution.- The Negative/Positive Dichotomy: Does It Make Sense from the Perspective of the Genetic Researcher?.- Genetic Transmission of Negative and Positive Symptoms in the Biological Relatives of Schizophrenics.- Neuropathological and Brain Imaging Studies in Positive and Negative Schizophrenia.- Explorations of Dopamine and Noradrenaline Activity and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Concepts and Controversies.- Typical Neuropleptics in the Treatment of Positive and Negative Symptoms.- The Effect of Clozapine and Other Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs on Negative Symptoms.- The Treatment of Positive and Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms with Dopamine Agonists.- Nonpharmacological Treatment Concepts of Negative Symptomatology.- The Demise of the Kraepelinian Binary Concept and the Aetiological Unity of the Psychoses.- Positive and Negative Symptomatology: The State of Affairs.
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