Full Description
Echocardiography has been one of the most significant advances in cardiology in the past two decades. It can provide anatomic, functional hemodynamic, and blood flow information. Conventional transtho- racic echocardiography has limitations, particularly in certain patients such as those with obesity, chronic lung disease, or chest wall defor- mity, or in those where a transthoracic approach is difficult for reasons including trauma, life support apparat uses, and surgical dressings. There are also certain disease states or conditions in which transtho- racic echocardiography expectedly gives incomplete or inadequate in- formation. Transesophageal echo cardiography has opened a unique "new window to the heart." The immediate proximity of the esophagus and the posterior heart permits exceptionally high resolution images, par- ticularly of the left atrium, mitral valve, and intraatrial septum. Addi- tionally, from the stomach (trans gastric views), the ventricles can be dependably imaged. Transesophageal echo cardiography presently is utilized in two environments: intraoperatively and for outpatient examinations.
Intraoperatively, TEE is utilized to monitor cardiac function and de- tect intracardiac air or debris, to diagnose or quantitate cardiac path- ology, and to access operative results.
Contents
Technology, Normal Examination, Development, Anatomy.- Technological Developments of Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Historical Perspective.- High-Frequency Annular Array Transesophageal Probe for High-Resolution Imaging and Continuous Wave Doppler Measurements.- Recent Technological Progress in Transesophageal Color Doppler Flow Imaging with Special Reference to Newly Developed Biplane and Pediatric Probes.- Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomic Correlations.- Congenital Heart, Valvular Heart, Ischemic Heart Disease.- The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Adolescents and Adults with Congential Heart Disease.- Is the Quantification of Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis by Transesophageal Echocardiography Feasible?.- Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Assessment of the Severity of Aortic Stenosis.- Assessment of Etiology and Severity of Mitral Regurgitation by Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Is Tricuspid Regurgitation Underestimated as a Clinical Problem in Valvular Heart Disease?.- Visualization of the Coronary Artery Using Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Masses and Vegetation.- Sensitivity and Specificity of Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Vegetations and Abscesses in Infective Endocarditis.- Assessment of Anatomical Abnormalities in Prosthetic Valve Malfunction by Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Intracardiac Source of Embolism.- Cardiac Tumors and Thrombus: Transesophageal Echocardiographic Experience.- Aortic Dissection.- Transesophageal Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta in Aortic Dissection.- Diagnosis of Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm by Transesophageal Color Flow Mapping: Comparison with CT Scanning.- Follow-up of Aortic Dissection by Conventional and Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Cooperative Study.- Prosthetic Valve Function.- Functional Assessment of Polyurethane Valve Prostheses in Calves byTransesophageal Echocardiography.- Value and Limitations of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Mitral Valvular Prosthesis.- Evaluation of Mitral Prosthesis by Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Transesophageal Evaluation of Aortic Valve Prostheses.- Transesophageal Echocardiography in Critically Ill Patients, Monitoring by Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Diagnostic Value of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Critically Ill Patients.- Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Monitoring During PEEP Ventilation in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Failure Using Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Transesophageal Echocardiographic Monitoring During Positive Inotropic Drug Intervention and Balloon Pumping.- Transesophageal Doppler Echo Monitoring of Cardiac Function During Assist Circulation.- Transesophageal Two-Dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty.- Transesophageal Echocardiographic Monitoring of Aortic Valvuloplasty.- Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observations During Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty.- Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Operating Room.- Automated Contour Detection on Short-Axis Transesophageal Echocardiograms.- Continuous and Noninvasive Monitoring of Cardiac Output by Transesophageal Doppler Ultrasound.- Monitoring of Cardiac Function During Anesthesia with Two-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Systolic Pressure-Dimension Relationships and Diastolic Dimensions for Monitoring of Left Ventricular Function.- Assessment of Diastolic Function by Transesophageal Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography: Effect of Different Loading Conditions on Mitral Inflow Velocities During Coronary Bypass Surgery.- Are Changes in Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure an Indicator for Myocardial Ischemia? Wedge Pressure Related to Electrocardiogram and Transesophageal Echocardiographic Wall Motion Analysis.- Transesophageal Echocardiography Versus Epicardial Echo.- Monitoring During Noncardiac Surgery.- Feasibility and Value of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Anesthetized Children.- Assessment of Regional Myocardial Perfusion Using Contrast Echocardiography During Coronary Artery Surgery.- Intraoperative Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: An Overview.- Transesophageal Echocardiography Adds to Decision Making During Valvular Heart Surgery.- Echocardiographic Follow-up After Surgery for Congenital Heart Diseases.- Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation.- Perspectives on Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Transesophageal Echocardiography: The View of a Cardiologist.- Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE): The Surgeon's Perspective.- Practicability of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Conscious Patients.
