Full Description
Controversy regarding the wisdom of a high salt intake has been with us for 5000 years. In the Nei Ching, the oldest of the extant medical writings, the Yellow Emperor observed, "Hence, if too much salt is in the food, the pulse hardens, tears make their appearance, and the complexion changes". At about the same period in history, Job asked the question, "Can that which is unsavory be eaten without salt?" It is not apparent whether or not the Almighty provided a clear answer. The connection between dietary salt intake and hypertension was appreciated following the observations of AMBARD, BEAUJARD, VOLLHARD, ALLEN, and others. However, DAHL emphasized this relationship, as demonstrated by his epidemiological observations, his studies in human subjects, and his development of a genetically mediated form of salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. DAHL and his followers argued that hypertension was a disease of acculturation, or even of self-abuse. Undaunted by skeptics such as PICKERING, they suggested that if Western man would merely curtail his intake of the granular condiment, hypertension would not develop and blood pressure would not increase with age. Bucolic native societies were given as examples where such cardiovascular bliss was readily attained.
Contents
Electrolyte and Volume Homeostasis.- The Phylogeny of Salt Appetite.- Salt- and Volume-Regulating Systems.- Osmotically Activated Ion Channels in Membranes of Opossum Kidney Cells.- Cellular Mechanisms.- Na+ and K+ Transport in Human and Rat Erythrocytes: Features Complicating the Interpretation of Data.- Intracellular Cation Concentrations in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension.- Intracellular Cation Homeostasis Impairment in Primary Hypertension.- Risks of Salt Depletion and Salt Excess.- The Neuronal Basis of Salt Sensitivity.- Neural Control of the Kidney in Hypertension.- New Aspects of Steroid Hormone Control: Role of Adrenal Renin.- Genetic Determinants of Salt Sensitivity.- Genetic Aspects of Blood Pressure Sensitivity to Sodium.- Augmented Reciprocal ?-2 and ?-2 Adrenoceptor Changes and Rise of Total Peripheral Resistance During Increase of Salt Intake in Salt-Sensitive Humans.- Inherited Bimodal Traits and Susceptibility to Hypertension in Utah Pedigrees.- Pathophysiological Significance of Different Types of Minerals.- Calcium Metabolism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Role of Calcium in Modulating Salt Sensitivity.- Calcium Metabolism and Arterial Pressure Regulation in Humans.- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Like Immunoreactivity in Hypertension: Relation to Blood Pressure, Sodium, and Calcium Metabolism.- Importance of Dietary Sodium and Chloride for Salt Sensitive Hypertension.- Chloride as a Determinant of Salt-Sensitivity.- High Pottassium Diets During Hypertension Reduce Arterial Endothelial Injury, Stroke Mortality Rate, Arterial Hypertrophy, and Renal Lesions Without Lowering Blood Pressure.- Magnesium and Blood Pressure Regulation.- Role of Magnesium in Blood Pressure Regulation: A Review of Studies Performed in Animals.- CalciumMessenger System in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Whole-Body Exchangeable Sodium in Cardiovascular and Endocrine Disorders.- Epidemiology of Salt Consumption and Intervention Trials.- Blood Pressure Responses to Acute Sodium Chloride Depletion in Healthy Young Adults: The Bourbon County Study.- Electrolyte Intake and Hypertension in Children.- Salt Consumption and Salt Intervention Studies in the German Democratic Republic.- Alteration of Sodium and Potassium Intake in the Treatment of Hypertension.- The Australian Sodium Potassium Study in Untreated Mild Hypertension.- The Salt Balance in Asia.- Dietary Electrolytes and Hypertension: An Epidemiologic Perspective.- International Symposium on Electrolytes, Volume Homeostasis and Hypertension: Panel Discussion.
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