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Full Description
Analyses data on the composition, structure and formation of
various petroleum hydrocarbons: the alkanes, cycloalkanes
and arenes. Attention is paid to biological markers, com-
pounds that may have preserved the main structural features
of the original biogenic molecules. Concepts of chemical
classification of crude oils are reviewed with respect to
the molecular mass distribution of biological markers, and
the genesis and chemical evolution of petroleum hydrocarbons
are discussed.
Contents
1 General Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Molecular and Group-Type Methods of Analysis and Classification.- Biological Markers and Transformed Hydrocarbons.- Homology of Biological Markers.- Chemical Classification of Crude Oils.- Group-Type Distribution of Naphthenic Hydrocarbons in Crudes (Naphthenic Fingerprint).- 2 C5-C40 Alkanes.- Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Alkanes.- Quantitative Distribution of Alkanes in Petroleums Possible Ways of Alkane Formation.- 3 Cycloalkanes (Naphthenes).- C7-C10 Monocyclic Naphthenes.- C12-C25 Monocyclic Naphthenes.- Trimethyl-Substituted Cyclohexanes with Isoprenoid Chains (Cyclohexanes of the Carotenoid Type).- Bicyclic Naphthenes.- Tricyclic Naphthenes.- Tetracyclic Naphthenes.- Steranes.- Triterpenoid Hydrocarbons. Hopanes.- 4 Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Arenes).- Group-Type Distribution of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Crude Oils (Aromatic Fingerprint).- Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons.- Diaromatic Hydrocarbons.- Triaromatic Hydrocarbons.- Aromatic Steroid Hydrocarbons.- Aromatic Triterpenoids and Hopanes.- Other Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons.- 5 Sources and Reactions of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Formation.- Sources of Petroleum Hydrocarbons.- Transformations of Organic Molecules in Sediments (Dia- and Catagenesis).- Compositional Transformations of Coal Hydrocarbons at Various Stages of Catagenesis.- Laboratory Simulation of Petroleum Formation Reactions (Aluminosilicates as Catalysts).- 6 Transformations of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Nature (Chemical and Biochemical Alteration of Crude Oils).- Alteration of Crude Oil under Thermal Stress (Thermolysis).- Alterations in the Chemical Composition of Crudes under Microbiological Influence (Petroleum Biodegradation).- Compositional Alteration of Crudes in Nature (Comparison ofExperimental Data).- Asphaltenes and the Geochemical History of Crudes.- Biological Markers and the Genetic Classification of Crudes.- Conclusion: Venues of Further Research on Petroleum Hydrocarbon Composition and Structure.- References.
