Full Description
International cooperation on the health of seafarers began many years ago. As early as 1921, an international convention regarding this matter was presented to govern ments of maritime countries for ratification. The First World Health Assembly, in 1948, recommended that WHO should establish, with the International Labour Of fice, a Joint Committee on the hygiene of seafarers. The first session of this Com mittee, held in 1949, defined the problems affecting the health of seamen and made a number of recommendations. In the opinion of this Joint Committee, the health of seamen called for interna tional attention for a nu mb er of reasons. By the nature of his work, the seafarer is obliged to travel from country to country and is exposed to great variations of cli mate and also to any disease that may be prevalent in the port of call. He may there fore become a carrier of disease, so that the protection of his health is of importance not only to himself and the other members of the crew but also to the populations of other countries he visits. Yet, on account ofthe nature ofhis employment, it is diffi cult to provide the seafarer with the same standard of health care that is gene rally available to other sections of the population.
Contents
1 Introduction to Nautical Medicine.- 1.1 The History of Nautical Medicine.- 1.2 The Ship's Doctor, Yesterday and Today.- 1.3 The Ship's Medical Centre and Medicine Chest.- 1.4 Medical Care on Ships Without a Doctor — Radio Medical Advice.- 2 The Seafarer's Environment.- 2.1 Work and Recreation at Sea.- 2.2 Ship Design — its Effects on the Seafarer's Physical and Mental Health.- 2.3 The Effect of the Macroclimate.- 2.4 The Microclimate of the Ship.- 2.5 The Ship's Lighting.- 2.6 Noise and Vibration Aboard Ship.- 2.7 The Ship's Water Supply.- 2.8 Waste and Waste-Water Disposal Aboard Ship.- 2.9 The Seafarer's Food.- 2.10 Psychological Problems in Seafaring.- 2.11 Psychological Aspects of Work-load on Board.- 3 The Pathology of the Seafarer.- 3.1 The Occurrence, Frequency and Aetiology of Diseases and Trauma Among Seamen.- 3.2 Accidents in Seafaring.- 3.3 Gastro-Intestinal Diseases.- 3.4 Respiratory Diseases.- 3.5 Musculoskeletal Diseases.- 3.6 Venereal Diseases ("Sexually Transmitted Diseases": STD).- 3.7 Skin Diseases.- 3.8 Cardiovascular System Diseases.- 3.9 Urologic Diseases.- 3.10 Mental Disease.- 3.11 Other Diseases (Neurological, Ophthalmic, ENT and Other Conditions).- 3.12 Dental Problems in Seafaring.- 3.13 The Sick Seafarer Ashore.- 4 Preventive Medicine Aboard.- 4.1 Health Education of the Seafarer.- 4.2 The Seafarer's Personal Hygiene.- 4.3 Food Hygiene Aboard Ship.- 4.4 Alcohol, Drugs and Smoking in Seafaring.- 4.5 Infectious Diseases — Vaccination and Passive Immunization.- 4.6 DDD — Disinfection, Disinfestation and Deratting.- 4.7 International Health Regulations.- 5 Special Fields in Nautical Medicine.- 5.1 Health Standards — Fitness for Duty at Sea.- 5.2 Toxicology in Seafaring — Dangerous Goods.- 5.3 Health Problems onTankships Carrying Oil, Gas or Bulk Chemicals.- 5.4 The Fishing Fleet.- 5.5 The Female Seafarer.- 5.6 The Child at Sea.- 5.7 Health Care of Passengers.- 5.8 The Sea Pilot.- 5.9 Extreme Conditions Aboard Ship.- 5.10 Search and Rescue Medicine — Survival at Sea.- 5.11 Life-Saving Appliances.- 5.12 Offshore Medicine.- 5.13 Underwater Medicine and Diving.- 5.14 Forensic Nautical Medicine.- Sources of Information.
