医療における磁力の応用ハンドブック（第２版） Magnetism in Medicine : A Handbook （2nd, rev. and enl. ed. 2006. XXIII, 629 p. w. figs. 24,5 cm）

Ed. by Wilfried Andrae u. Hannes Nowak

Wiley-VCH（2006発売）

• 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版／ページ数 550 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9783527405589

基本説明

医療機器、心臓学、神経学の磁力の応用をまとめた唯一のレファレンス。
Contents: Biomagnetism; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic Substances and Externally Applied Magnetic Fields; and more.

Full Description

Progress in medicine has often been initiated by discoveries and results from various disciplines of natural science. One of the most famous examples is the X-ray. In this case, its importance with respect to medical applications was immediately recognized and its development was propelled by fruitful cooperation between physicians and physicists. In other cases, e.g. that of NMR, the period between discovery and subsequent application in medicine was longer. Sometimes, a method has become established in clinical practice only after having passed through a long period of in vitro investigations and preclinical trials, while there are also applications that could only be seriously developed once crucial parts had been invented. Such cooperation between physicians, scientists, and engineers has proven effective and is certainly also a prerequisite for the continuing development of new methods or more sophisticated techniques and instruments. This is of particular concern for the application of magnetism in medicine.
This second, completely updated and extended edition of the only reference work in this growing field of medical physics focuses on biomagnetic instrumentation as well as applications in cardiology and neurology. New chapters have been added on fetal magnetography and magnetic field therapy, as well as the safety aspects of magnetic fields. Following an introductory section, the well-known specialist authors from Germany, USA, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands and Scandinavia go on to cover biomagnetism, magnetic resonances, as well as magnetic substances and externally applied magnetic fields, before rounding the text off with a set of conclusions. The result is a manual for researchers in this field as well as for those who apply modern methods based on magnetism in medical practice. It equally provides a detailed overview for newcomers to the field as well as for experts familiar with only one part of the area.

Contents

Preface. List of Contributors. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The History of Magnetism in Medicine (Urs Hafeli). 1.1.1 Origins. 1.1.2 First Medical Uses of Magnets. 1.1.3 Use of Attracting Forces of Magnets in Medicine. 1.1.4 Treatment of Nervous Diseases and Mesmerism. 1.1.5 Other Medical Uses of Magnets and Magnetism. 1.1.6 The In.uence of Magnetic Fields on Man. References. 1.2 Basic Physical Principles (Dmitri Berkov). 1.2.1 Introduction. 1.2.2 The Electromagnetic Field Concept and Maxwell Equations. 1.2.3 Magnetic Field in Condensed Matter: General Concepts. 1.2.4 Magnetic Field in Condensed Matter: Special Topics. Appendix. References. 1.3 Creating and Measuring Magnetic Fields (Wilfried Andra and Hannes Nowak). 1.3.1 Introduction. 1.3.2 The Generation of Magnetic Fields. 1.3.3 The Measurement of Magnetic Fields. 1.3.4 Discussion. References. 1.4 Safety Aspects of Magnetic Fields (Jurgen H. Bernhardt and Gunnar Brix). 1.4.1 Introduction. 1.4.2 Risk Evaluation and Guidance on Protection. 1.4.3 Static and Extremely Slowly Time-Varying Magnetic Fields. 1.4.4 Time-Varying Magnetic Fields. 1.4.5 Electromagnetic Fields. 1.4.6 Protection of Patients and Volunteers Undergoing MR Procedures. References. 2 Biomagnetism. 2.1 Introduction (Hannes Nowak). 2.2 Biomagnetic Instrumentation (Hannes Nowak). 2.2.1 History. 2.2.2 Biomagnetic Fields. 2.2.3 SQUID Sensor. 2.2.4 Shielding: Magnetically and Electrically Shielded Rooms. 2.2.5 Gradiometers. 2.2.6 Dewar/Cryostat. 2.2.7 Commercial Biomagnetic Measurement Devices. 2.2.8 Special Biomagnetic Measurement Devices. 2.2.9 High-Temperature Superconductivity. 2.2.10 Perspectives. References. 2.3 Cardiomagnetism (Gerhard Stroink, Birgit Hailer, and Peter Van Leeuwen). 2.3.1 Introduction. 2.3.2 Forward Solutions. 2.3.3 Inverse Solutions. 2.3.4 Validation. 2.3.5 Clinical Applications of Magnetocardiography. 2.3.6 Ischemic Heart Disease. 2.3.7 Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease. 2.3.8 Cardiomyopathy. 2.3.9 Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2.3.10 Clinical Conclusions. References. 2.4 Neuromagnetism (Thomas R. Knosche, Nobukazu Nakasato, Michael Eiselt, and Jens Haueisen). 2.4.1 Introduction. 2.4.2 The Generation of Magnetic Signals by the Brain. 2.4.3 Analysis of Neuromagnetic Fields. 2.4.4 The Investigation of the Primary Sensory and Motor Systems. 2.4.5 Neuromagnetic Fields and Brain Science: Cognitive Functions. 2.4.6 Clinical Applications. References. 2.5 Fetal Magnetography (Uwe Schneider and Ekkehard Schleussner). 2.5.1 Fetal Magnetocardiography. 2.5.2 Fetal Magnetoencephalography. References. 3 Magnetic Resonance. 3.1 Introduction (Werner A. Kaiser). 3.2 Physical Principles and Technology of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Arnulf Oppelt). 3.2.1 Historical Overview. 3.2.2 Basic Physical Principles of NMR. 3.2.3 The NMR Signal. 3.2.4 Nuclear Relaxation. 3.2.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio. 3.2.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 3.2.7 Selective Excitation. 3.2.8 Partial Acquisition Techniques. 3.2.9 Pulse Sequence and Contrast. 3.2.10 Imaging of Flow. 3.2.11 Di.usion Imaging. 3.2.12 MR Spectroscopy. 3.2.13 System Design Considerations. 3.2.14 Magnets. 3.2.15 Shimming. 3.2.16 Gradient System. 3.2.17 RF-System. 3.2.18 Conclusions. References. 3.3 Modern Applications of MRI in Medical Sciences. 3.3.1 New MRI Techniques for Cardiovascular Imaging (Debiao Li and Andrew C. Larson). 3.3.2 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) (Oliver Speck, Axel Schreiber, Clemens Janz, and Ju rgen Hennig). 3.3.3 New MRI Techniques for the Detection of Acute Cerebral Ischemia (Michael E. Moseley, Roland Bammer, and Joachim Rother) 3.3.4 Clinical Applications at Ultrahigh Fields (Petra Schmalbrock and Donald W. Chakeres). 3.3.5 Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Concepts, Systems, and Applications (Cli.ord R. Weiss and Jonathan S. Lewin). 3.3.6 New Approaches in Diagnostic and Therapeutic MR Mammography (Werner A. Kaiser, Stefan O.R. P.eiderer, Karl-Heinz Herrmann, and Jurgen R. Reichenbach). 3.3.7 MR Spectroscopy (Peter Bachert). Conclusions and Perspectives. References. 4 Magnetic Substances and Externally Applied Fields. 4.1 Introduction (Wilfried Andra) 4.2 Magnetic Monitoring as a Diagnostic Method for Investigating Motility in the Human Digestive System (Hendryk Richert, Olaf Kosch, and Peter Gornert) 4.2.1 Introduction. 4.2.2 Conventional Investigation Methods of the Human GI Tract. 4.2.3 Magnetic Markers. 4.2.4 Magnetic Monitoring Systems. 4.2.5 Conclusion and Outlook. 4.3 Remote-Controlled Drug Delivery in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Wilfried Andra and Christoph Werner). 4.3.1 Introduction. 4.3.2 Physical Principles Used or Proposed for Remote Controlled Release. 4.3.3 Discussion and Outlook. 4.4 Magnetic Stimulation (Shoogo Ueno and Minoru Fujiki). 4.4.1 Introduction. 4.4.2 History. 4.4.3 Principle of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 4.4.4 Clinical and Preclinical Application of TMS. 4.5 Liver Iron Susceptometry (Roland Fischer and David E. Farrell). 4.5.1 Introduction. 4.5.2 Iron Metabolism and Iron Overload. 4.5.3 Technical Developments of Biomagnetic Liver Susceptometry. 4.5.4 Physical and Biochemical Basics. 4.5.5 Magnetostatic Principles. 4.5.6 Calibration and Validation. 4.5.7 Magnetic Background and Noise Problems. 4.5.8 Alternative Methods. 4.5.9 Medical Applications. 4.5.10 Summary and Outlook. References. 4.6 Magnetic Hyperthermia and Thermoablation (Rudolf Hergt and Wilfried Andra) 4.6.1 Introduction. 4.6.2 Physical Principles of Magnetic Particle Heating. 4.6.3 Physical-Technical Implementation of the Therapy. 4.6.4 Biomedical Status of Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia. 4.7 Magnetic Cell Separation for Research and Clinical Applications (Michael Apel, Uwe A.O. Heinlein, Stefan Miltenyi, Ju rgen Schmitz, and John D.M. Campbell). 4.7.1 Introduction. 4.7.2 MACS4 Technology. 4.7.3 Magnetic Cell Sorting for Clinical Applications. References. 4.8 Magnetic Drug Targeting (Christoph Alexiou and Roland Jurgons). 4.8.1 Background and History of Magnetic Drug Targeting. 4.8.2 Regional Chemotherapies for Cancer Treatment. 4.8.3 Current Applications of Magnetic Drug Targeting. 4.8.4 Outlook. References. 4.9 New Fields of Application (Wilfried Andra and Urs Hafeli). 4.9.1 Introduction. 4.9.2 Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). 4.9.3 Magnetically Modulated Optical Nanoprobes. 4.9.4 Magnetic Guidance. References. 5 Conclusions and Perspectives (Jens Haueisen). Index.