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Full Description
Design and fabricate devices that operate without external power
Energy harvesting converts ambient thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic energy into electrical power for autonomous wireless devices and wearable electronics. Materials Design for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Applications reviews the properties and potential of materials central to this rapidly growing field. Edited by an international team, the book covers fabrication processes, device design, performance evaluation, and unresolved challenges across major harvesting mechanisms.
The volume examines piezoelectric, thermoelectric, magnetostrictive, and triboelectric materials across sensor, harvester, and actuator configurations. Each chapter opens with an introduction summarizing the relevant energy harvesting method before detailing state-of-the-art materials and device architectures. Coverage extends to multiscale optimal design of smart materials, offering design guidelines that connect fundamental material properties to practical application requirements.
Readers will also find:
Detailed discussion of additive manufacturing approaches for magnetostrictive alloys enabling complex geometries that improve energy harvesting output
Analysis of CMOS-based silicon nanowire thermoelectric devices and boron nitride thermal interface materials for chip-level thermal management
Coverage of smart composite structures with embedded electronics for structural health monitoring in aerospace and automotive sectors
Evaluation criteria and performance benchmarks for comparing piezoelectric, thermoelectric, magnetostrictive, and triboelectric harvesting devices
Design strategies for wearable electronics and wireless sensor networks operating as self-powered autonomous systems without battery replacement
Materials Design for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Applications serves materials scientists, electronics engineers, solid-state physicists, and sensor developers working on self-powered device technologies. By connecting material fabrication to device-level performance across four major harvesting mechanisms, it provides the cross-disciplinary reference these professionals require.
Contents
Preface xvii
1 Recent Progress in Theory of Thermoelectric Effect: Focusing on Types I, II, and III Dirac Systems and Film-substrate Systems 1
Hiroyasu Matsuura and Tomonari Mizoguchi
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Linear Response Theory Based on Kubo-Luttinger and Application to Dirac-electron Systems 2
1.3 Film-substrate Systems 9
1.4 Summary 13
2 Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer Piezoelectric Composites 17
Zhenjin Wang
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Research and Development Trends in Piezoelectric Laminated CFRP Composites 18
2.3 Preparation of the CFRP Composites with Piezoelectric Particle Dispersion 20
2.4 Electromechanical Properties of the Piezoelectric CFRP 24
2.5 Conclusion 27
3 Energy Harvesting Behavior of Multifunctional Layered Composites 31
Boyue Chen, Constantinos Soutis, Yu Jia, Yu Shi
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Composite Structural Design for Energy Harvesting 32
3.3 Case Studies 39
3.4 Summary 52
4 High-performance, Flexible Energy-harvesting Nanogenerators and Sensors for Revolutionizing Healthcare 61
Ponnusamy Dhivya, Keerthnasre Dhandapani, Mani Ganesh Kumar, Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya and Ando Yutaka
4.1 Overview of Flexible Energy-harvesting Devices 61
4.2 Flexible Pyroelectric Nanogenerator for Healthcare 63
4.3 Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Healthcare 68
4.4 Summary and Outlook 73
5 Digital Self-powered Energy Harvester Based on Vibration Estimation and Control 77
Kanjuro Makihara
5.1 Introduction 77
5.2 Concept of Self-powered Harvester 78
5.3 Fabrication of Harvester Prototype 79
5.4 Performance of Harvester Prototype 81
5.5 Modified Synchronized Switch Harvesting on an Inductor 83
5.6 Future Development of Self-powered Harvester 86
5.7 Conclusions 87
6 Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and Wind Tunnel Experiment of Flutter Energy Harvesting 91
Keisuke Otsuka
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Flutter Energy Harvesting Experiment 93
6.3 Flutter Energy Harvesting Simulation 99
6.4 Conclusions 104
7 Thermoelectric Materials for Flexible Devices 107
Souichiro Koga, Daichi Shimokawa, Takanobu Watanabe, and Yukio Furukawa
7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 Doped PBFDO 109
7.3 Thermoelectric Polymers 112
7.4 Thermoelectric Generators 112
7.5 Concluding Remarks 115
8 Origami Thermoelectric Generator 119
Shingo Terashima and Eiji Iwase
8.1 Introduction 119
8.2 Design of Origami Structure TEG 120
8.3 Evaluation Methods of Origami TEG 121
8.4 Output Characteristics of Origami TEG 122
8.5 Design of Origami Fin for Origami TEG 125
8.6 Output Characteristics of Origami TEG with Origami Fin 127
8.7 Design of Self-folded Origami TEG 130
8.8 Output Characteristics of Self-folded Origami TEG 132
9 Flexible Thermoelectric Composites for Energy Harvesting 137
Wei Wang
9.1 Introduction 137
9.2 Overview of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting 138
9.3 Advantages of Flexibility in Wearable Electronics, IoT Devices, and Unconventional Surfaces 140
9.4 Challenges in Developing Flexible Thermoelectric Materials 141
9.5 Comparison of Rigid Versus Flexible Thermoelectric Materials 142
9.6 Materials for Flexible Thermoelectric Composites 144
9.7 Inorganic Nanomaterials 146
9.8 Hybrid Composites 148
9.9 Emerging Materials 153
10 Integration of Si-based Micro-thermoelectric Generator Devices 157
Takanobu Watanabe
10.1 Introduction 157
10.2 Device Design of Integrated TEG 159
10.3 Experimental 162
10.4 Results and Discussion 164
10.5 Summary and Conclusion 167
11 Design of Heat Guide Layers in Micro-thermoelectric Generators 171
Tianzhuo Zhan
11.1 Introduction 171
11.2 AlN Heat Guide Layers in SiNW-µTEGs 177
11.3 Metal/Dielectric Heat Guide Layers in SiNW-µTEGs 185
11.4 Summary 191
12 Thermoelectric Thin-film Thermoelectric Generator 195
Koji Miyazaki
12.1 Introduction 195
12.2 Bi2Te3 Thin-film Fabrication 196
12.3 Thermoelectric Generators with Bi2Te3 Thin Films 198
12.4 Printed Thermoelectric Generators 201
12.5 Summary 202
13 Frosting and Defrosting During Energy Harvesting from Air by Heat Pump 207
Aye Aye Thet and Song Mengjie
13.1 Background of Air-source Heat Pump 207
13.2 Frosting Mechanism 213
13.3 Frosting of Air-source Heat Pump 220
13.4 Anti-frosting Technology of Air-source Heat Pump 228
13.5 Defrosting of Air-source Heat Pump 232
13.6 Conclusion and Outlook 238
14 Magnetostrictive Materials and Composites for Energy-harvesting Applications 247
Hiroki Kurita
14.1 Introduction 247
14.2 Magnetic Field-dynamic Field Mutual Interference and Basic Equation 248
14.3 Fe-Co Alloy Fiber Integrated Composites 249
14.4 Fe-Co Alloy Clad Plate 251
14.5 Nitriding 253
14.6 Notch Introduction 255
14.7 Directed Energy Deposition 257
14.8 Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process (LPBF) 258
14.9 Conclusions 261
15 Mechanics of Magnetostrictive Materials and Composites 265
Fumio Narita
15.1 Introduction 265
15.2 Interaction Between the Electromagnetic and Mechanical Fields 266
15.3 Fiber Composite Materials 273
15.4 Laminated Plate 276
15.5 Conclusion 278
16 Additive Manufacturing of Magnetostrictive Alloys: Current Trends and Perspectives 281
Laheurte Pascal and Lohmuller Paul
16.1 Introduction 281
16.2 Magnetostrictive Materials Processing by AM 282
16.3 Benefits of AM for the Production of Magnetostrictive Materials 284
17 Energy Harvesting with Spin-Orbit Torque: From Magnetization Switching to Emerging Spintronics 289
Shutaro Karube
17.1 Introduction 289
17.2 Spin-current and Spin-Orbit Torque 291
17.3 Magnetization Switching Driven by Spin-Orbit Torque 295
17.4 Field-free Magnetization Switching 296
18 Triboelectric Materials for Sensor and Energy-harvesting Applications 307
Chuang Zhu and Xuqing Liu
18.1 Triboelectric Nanogenerator 307
18.2 Fiber-based TENG 312
19 Multiscale Optimal Design of Smart Materials 325
Yasutomo Uetsuji
19.1 Introduction 325
19.2 Computational Methods 326
19.3 Application to PE Polycrystals 327
19.4 Application to ME Composites 330
19.5 Conclusion 336
20 Application of Numerical Simulation on Devices using Smart Materials 345
Kotaro Mori
20.1 Introduction 345
20.2 Basic Equations 347
20.3 Case Study 348
20.4 Summary 362
21 Future Outlook 367
Yu Jia
21.1 Executive Summary and Market Projections 367
21.2 Technological Road Map and Evolution 368
21.3 Next-generation Material Platforms 370
21.4 Circular Futures: Sustainability, Market Considerations, and Emerging Applications 372
21.5 Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 373
References 374
Index 377
