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Convert low-carbon molecules into high-value products using zeolite catalysis
Converting abundant low-carbon molecules like CO, CO2, methane, and methanol into valuable chemicals requires robust catalysts with precise control over activity and selectivity. Zeolite Catalysis for Low-Carbon Molecule Conversion: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications provides researchers and engineers with detailed guidance on designing metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts that outperform single-function alternatives in activity, selectivity, and stability.
This reference covers synthesis and characterization of zeolite-encapsulated catalysts and hierarchical zeolites, then examines catalytic conversion of CO, CO2, methane, and methanol over various zeolite types. Additional chapters address hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and oxidation reactions. Novel preparation methods enable tailoring zeolite pores and properties for specific applications, connecting fundamental principles with industrial implementation.
The book also covers:
Detailed methods for synthesizing zeolite-encapsulated catalysts and hierarchical zeolites with tunable acidities and uniform micropore structures
Characterization techniques for analyzing zeolite properties including pore structure, thermal stability, and catalytic performance under operating conditions
Catalytic conversion pathways for C1 chemicals and light alkenes derived from fossil fuels and biomass feedstocks
Metal-zeolite bifunctional catalyst design using impregnation, ion exchange, and in-situ synthesis to optimize activity and selectivity
Industrial applications in heterogeneous catalytic processes including hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and selective oxidation reactions
Catalytic chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and industrial researchers seeking to advance zeolite-based catalysis will benefit from this reference. By connecting catalyst design principles with practical conversion processes, Zeolite Catalysis for Low-Carbon Molecule Conversion supports both fundamental research and commercial development of sustainable chemical production technologies.
Contents
Preface xv
Part I Introduction 1
1 Challenges and Opportunities for Zeolites in the Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 3
Zaiku Xie, Chuanming Wang, Jing Shi
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Challenges in the Synthesis of Zeolites 3
1.3 Challenges in Zeolite-catalyzed Low-carbon Hydrocarbon Conversions 4
1.4 Challenges in the Construction and Characterization of Active Sites in Zeolites 6
1.5 Opportunities and Outlook 6
Part II Structures and Properties of Zeolites 9
2 Synthesis of Zeolite-encapsulated Metal Catalysts for Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 11
Kai Zhang, Chengxu Li, Qiming Sun, Jihong Yu
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Synthetic Methods for Zeolite-encapsulated Metal Catalysts Preparation 12
2.3 Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 28
2.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 37
3 Synthesis of Hierarchical Zeolites for Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 45
Chengyi Dai, Yetong Li, Chunshan Song
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Synthesis Methods 48
3.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 72
4 Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolites in Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 87
Zaizhe Cheng, Ying Li, Shouying Huang, Meiyan Wang, Xinbin Ma
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Deactivation of Zeolite Catalysts in Acid-catalyzed Reactions 88
4.3 Deactivation of Metal-Zeolite Catalysts: Metal-catalyzed and Bifunctional Systems 113
4.4 Perspectives 127
5 Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules over Zeolites 143
Jiale Xiao, Wei Fang, Chengtao Wang, Liang Wang, Fengshou Xiao
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 Low Temperature Oxidation of Methane to Methanol 143
5.3 Syngas Conversion 147
5.4 CO2 Conversion 156
5.5 Conclusion and Outlook 163
6 Zeolites for Low-carbon Hydrocarbon Conversion: Mechanistic Insights 173
Chao Wang, Min Hu, Feng Deng, Jun Xu
6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 Conversion of Low-carbon Alcohols over Zeolites 174
6.3 Transformation of Low-carbon Alkanes over Zeolites 187
6.4 Conclusion 196
Part III CO Conversion 209
7 Application of Zeolite in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 211
Yingluo He, Guangbo Liu, Guohui Yang, Noritatsu Tsubaki
7.1 What Is Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis? 211
7.2 Zeolite-based FTS Catalysts 216
7.3 Zeolite-based Membrane Reactors 236
7.4 Conclusion and Outlook 238
8 Application of Zeolites in Syngas to Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Synthesis 249
Suhan Liu, Yubing Li, Kang Cheng, Jincan Kang, Ye Wang
8.1 Introduction 249
8.2 Production of C2 Oxygenates Mediated by Carbonylation 251
8.3 Production of DME Mediated by Dehydration 255
8.4 Production of Aldehydes Mediated by Hydroformylation 258
8.5 Conclusion and Outlook 262
9 Application of Zeolite in Carbonylation 269
Wei Luo, Kaijie Han, Song Song, Tong Ding, Ye Tian, Xingang Li
9.1 Introduction 269
9.2 DME Carbonylation Reaction 270
9.3 Methanol Carbonylation Reaction 281
9.4 Methanol Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 283
9.5 Ethanol Carbonylation Reaction 284
9.6 Ethanol Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 285
9.7 Methane Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 286
9.8 Conclusion and Future Outlook 286
Part IV CO2 Conversion 295
10 Application of Zeolites in CO2 to Aromatics 297
Cederick Cyril Amoo, Jian Sun
10.1 Introduction 297
10.2 Zeolite Catalysis in Aromatics Production 299
10.3 Heterogeneous CO2 Hydrogenation to Aromatics 300
10.4 Conclusions and Outlook 312
11 CO2 Hydrogenation to Alkenes over Zeolite-based Catalysts 317
Sen Wang, Qian Zhang, Shiying Li, Mei Dong, Jianguo Wang, Weibin Fan
11.1 Introduction 317
11.2 The FT Synthesis Route for Light Olefins Formation from CO2 Hydrogenation 320
11.3 Methanol-Intermediate Route for Light Olefins Formation from CO2 Hydrogenation 325
11.4 Control of the Product Distributions in CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins 335
11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 340
12 Application of Zeolites in CO2 to Oxygenates 355
Limin Zhang, Miao Zhang, Wenhui Li, Guanghui Zhang, Chunshan Song, Xinwen Guo
12.1 Introduction 355
12.2 CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol 356
12.3 CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol 363
12.4 CO2 Hydrogenation to DME 369Contents xi
12.5 CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid 379
12.6 Conclusion and Outlook 385
Part V Methane Conversion 393
13 Application of Zeolites in Methane to Value-added Chemicals 395
Jin Liu, Bo Wu, Liangshu Zhong
13.1 Introduction 395
13.2 Direct Methane Conversion to Chemicals 397
13.3 Summary and Prospects 412
Part VI Methanol Conversion 423
14 Application of Zeolites in Methanol/Dimethyl Ether to Fuels 425
Faisal Zafar, Mansoor Ali, Jong Wook Bae
14.1 Introduction 425
14.2 Zeolites for Methanol/DME Conversion to Fuels 427
14.3 Effects of Reaction Variables for Methanol/DME Conversions 430
14.4 Effects of Zeolite Morphology and Pore Size Distribution 434
14.5 Effects of Zeolite Topology and Pore Size Distribution 437
14.6 Effects of Si/Al Ratio and Al Distribution in Zeolite Frameworks 439
14.7 Effects of B/L and External/Internal Acidic Sites on the Zeolites 443
14.8 Effects of Metal Modifications to Catalytic Activity and Stability 446xii Contents
14.9 Reaction Mechanisms for Methanol/DME Conversion and Deactivations 449
14.10 Summary and Perspectives 452
15 Application of Zeolites in Methanol-to-olefins 469
Yong Wang, Peipei Xiao, Toshiyuki Yokoi
15.1 Introduction 469
15.2 MTO Reaction Mechanism on Zeolite 470
15.3 Factors Affecting MTO Performance 479
15.4 Conclusions and Outlook 497
Part VII Other Reactions 507
16 Application of Zeolite in Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbons 509
Yupeng Tian, Xinmei Liu
16.1 Introduction 509
16.2 Dehydrogenation Process 511
16.3 Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 525
References 532
Index 535



