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Full Description
Understand the applications of ionic liquid catalysis with this cutting-edge overview
Ionic liquids have distinctive properties that have made them the subject of vigorous research in recent decades. They have primarily been seen as potential green alternatives to volatile organic solvents, and therefore as a vital tool in the development of sustainable industry. In fact, however, ionic liquids can also serve as catalysts, catalyst immobilizers, and initiators, with the result that they have been applied in over 100 known types of chemical reactions.
Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reactions: Green Concepts and Sustainable Applications offers a detailed overview of these reactions and the catalytic mechanism of ionic liquids. It surveys cutting-edge research into ionic liquid catalysis and the concepts, perspectives, and skills needed for scientists to incorporate it into a range of experimental fields. It is a must-own for anyone looking to understand the range and variety of uses for ionic liquid catalysis.
Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reactions readers will also find:
Case studies throughout showing ionic liquid catalysis applications
Information for scientists working in organic chemistry, electrochemistry, biotechnology, and many more
Detailed coverage of reactions including CO2 conversion, biomass transformation, organic synthesis, and many others
Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reactions is ideal for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, environmental chemists, electrochemists, and anyone else working with chemical catalysis in need of new experimental methods.
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Background and Overview 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Ionic Liquids 2
1.3 Structure of This Book 15
2 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals Under Metal-free Conditions 23
2.1 Synthesis of Organic Carbonates 25
2.2 Synthesis of N-containing Heterocycles 49
2.3 Reductive Transformation of CO2 60
2.4 Synthesis of Other Compounds 67
2.5 Remarks and Perspectives 70
3 Ionic Liquid-Mediated Reductive Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen 79
3.1 Direct Hydrogenation of CO2 80
3.2 N-formylation or N-methylation Reaction of Amines with CO2/H2 89
3.3 Hydroformylation of Olefin with CO2/H2 94
3.4 Hydromethylamination of Olefin with CO2/H2 and Amines 97
3.5 Carbonylation of Alcohol/Ethers with CO2/H2 99
3.6 Remarks and Perspectives 102
4 Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide in Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes 105
4.1 Fundamentals of CO2 Electroreduction 107
4.2 IL-based Electrolytes for CO2 Electroreduction 109
4.3 Electroreduction of CO2 to Various Chemicals in IL-based Electrolytes 121
4.4 Electrotransformation of CO2 into Value-added Chemicals 140
4.5 Remarks and Perspectives 147
5 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulose 157
5.1 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Cellulose and Its Derivatives 159
5.2 Ionic Liquid-catalyzed Transformation of Hemicellulose and Xylose to Furfural 170
5.3 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Lignin and Its Platforms 172
5.4 Remarks and Perspectives 184
6 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions 189
6.1 Oxidation of Alcohols/Aldehydes 190
6.2 Oxidation of Organic Sulfides and Oxidative Desulfurization 199
6.3 Oxidative Cyclization of Olefins and Allylic Alcohols 213
6.4 Oxidation of Amines 218
6.5 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation 221
6.6 Oxidation of Other Compounds 224
6.7 Remarks and Perspectives 225
7 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Water-Involved Reactions 229
7.1 Dehydrative Esterification 229
7.2 Dehydrative Etherification of Alcohols 237
7.3 Dehydration Alkenylation 243
7.4 Dehydrative Amidation 244
7.5 Ionic Liquid-catalyzed Hydration Reaction 249
7.6 Hydrolysis of Esters/Ethers 260
7.7 Remarks and Perspectives 264
8 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Other Organic Reactions 269
8.1 Alkylation Reaction 269
8.2 Michael Addition Reaction 274
8.3 Diels-Alder Reactions 281
8.4 Markovnikov Addition 284
8.5 Knoevenagel Condensation 290
8.6 Aldol Condensation Reaction 295
8.7 Ring-Closing C„ŸO/C„ŸO and C„ŸO/O„ŸH Bond Metathesis 298
8.8 Remarks and Perspectives 303
9 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Recycling of Spent Polymers 309
9.1 Degradation of Polyesters 310
9.2 Degradation of Polyamides 347
9.3 Upcycling of Polyolefins 348
9.4 Co-upcycling of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyester 350
9.5 Remarks and Perspectives 351
References 351
Index 357
