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Full Description
Presents a thorough overview of perovskite research, written by leaders in the field of photovoltaics
The use of perovskite-structured materials to produce high-efficiency solar cells is a subject of growing interest for academic researchers and industry professionals alike. Due to their excellent light absorption, longevity, and charge-carrier properties, perovskite solar cells show great promise as a low-cost, industry-scalable alternative to conventional photovoltaic cells.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of perovskite solar cell research. Addressing the key areas in the rapidly growing field, this comprehensive volume covers novel materials, advanced theory, modelling and simulation, device physics, new processes, and the critical issue of solar cell stability. Contributions by an international panel of researchers highlight both the opportunities and challenges related to perovskite solar cells while offering detailed insights on topics such as the photon recycling processes, interfacial properties, and charge transfer principles of perovskite-based devices.
Examines new compositions, hole and electron transport materials, lead-free materials, and 2D and 3D materials
Covers interface modelling techniques, methods for modelling in two and three dimensions, and developments beyond Shockley-Queisser Theory
Discusses new fabrication processes such as slot-die coating, roll processing, and vacuum sublimation
Describes the device physics of perovskite solar cells, including recombination kinetics and optical absorption
Explores innovative approaches to increase the light conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells
Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices is essential reading for all those in the photovoltaic community, including materials scientists, surface physicists, surface chemists, solid state physicists, solid state chemists, and electrical engineers.
Contents
Foreword xv
1 Chemical Processing of Mixed-Cation Hybrid Perovskites: Stabilizing Effects of Configurational Entropy 1
Feray Ünlü, Eunhwan Jung, Senol Öz, Heechae Choi, Thomas Fischer, andSanjay Mathur
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Crystal Structure of Perovskites 4
1.3 Multiple A-Site Cation Perovskites 12
1.3.4 Guanidinium Large-Cation Influence on Perovskite Structure for Stability 16
1.3.5 Triple- and Quadruple-Cation Hybrid Perovskites for Stability and Optimum Performance 17
1.3.6 Larger Organic Cations: Reducing Dimensionality for Improved Thermal Stability 20
1.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 22
Acknowledgments 24
References 24
2 Flash Infrared Annealing for Processing of Perovskite Solar Cells 33
Sandy Sánchez and Anders Hagfeldt
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Perovskite Crystal Nucleation and Growth from Solution 34
2.3 Rapid Thermal Annealing 37
2.4 Structural Analysis of FIRA-Annealed Perovskite Films with Variable Pulse Time 50
2.5 A Cost-Effective and Environmentally Friendly Method 57
2.6 Application for MAPI3 Perovskite Solar Cells 60
2.7 Planar Devices Architecture and Mixed Perovskite Composition 64
2.8 Pulsed FIRA for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells 67
2.9 Rapid Manufacturing of PSCs with an Adapted Perovskite Chemical Composition 71
2.10 Outlook and Technical Details 75
2.11 Experimental Methods 80
List of Abbreviations 83
Acknowledgments 84
References 84
3 Passivation of Hybrid/Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells 91
Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin and Shuzi Hayase
3.1 Introduction 91
3.2 Conclusion 107
References 108
4 Tuning Interfacial Effects in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells 113
Rafael S. Sánchez, Lionel Hirsch, and Dario M. Bassani
4.1 Strategies for Interfacial Deposition and Analysis 113
4.2 Defect Formation in PS Films and Interfaces 118
4.3 Passivation Strategies of PS 126
4.4 Measuring and Tuning the Work Function and Surface Potential in PSC 130
4.5 Tuning the Wettability and Compatibility Between Layers 138
4.6 Effect on Device Efficiency and Lifetime 142
4.7 Conclusions and Prospects 153
References 154
5 All-inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells 175
Yaowen Li and Yongfang Li
5.1 Introduction 175
5.2 Basic Knowledge of All-inorganic Pero-SCs 176
5.3 Lead-Based Inorganic Pero-SCs 179
5.4 Tin-Based Inorganic Pero-SCs 200
5.5 Other Inorganic Pero-SCs 204
5.6 Conclusion 209
References 210
6 Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 223
Thomas Stergiopoulos
6.1 Introduction 223
6.2 Why Tin Halide Perovskites? 223
6.3 Concerns About Tin-Based Perovskites 225
6.4 Control of Hole Doping 227
6.5 Films Deposition 231
6.6 Contacts/Interface Engineering 234
6.7 Ongoing Challenges 235
6.8 Conclusion 241
Acknowledgments 242
References 242
7 Low-Temperature and Facile Solution-Processed Two-Dimensional Materials as Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells 247
Shao Hui, Najib H. Ladi, Han Pan, Yan Shen, and Mingkui Wang
7.1 Introduction 247
7.2 Charge Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells 249
7.3 Brief Development of Perovskite Solar Cells 251
7.4 Functions and Requirements of Electron Transport Layer 253
7.5 Features and Advantages of Two-Dimensional Electron Transport Materials 256
7.6 Van der Waals Heterojunctions 256
7.7 Quantum Confinement Effect in Two-Dimensional Electron Transport Materials and Its
Application 258
7.8 Other Physical Properties of Two-Dimensional Electron Transport Materials 259
7.9 Synthesis of Various Two-Dimensional Materials 260
7.10 Application of Two-Dimensional Material as an Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells 262
7.11 Conclusion and Outlook 266
List of Abbreviations 267
References 268
8 Metal Oxides in Stable and Flexible Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Toward Self-Powered Internet of Things 273
Carlos Pereyra, Haibing Xie, Amir N. Shandy, Vanessa Martínez, HenckPierre, Elia Santigosa, Daniel A. Acuña-Leal, Laia Capdevila, Quentin Billon,Löis Mergny, María Ramos-Payán, Mónica Gomez, Bindu Krishnan, MariaMuñoz, David M. Tanenbaum, Anders Hagfeldt, and Monica Lira-Cantu
8.1 Introduction 273
8.2 Metal Oxides in Normal (n-i-p), Inverted (p-i-n) and "Oxide-Sandwich" Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 275
8.3 Mesoporous Metal Oxide Bilayers in Highly Stable Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells 277
8.4 Solution-Processable Metal Oxides for Flexible Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 288
8.5 Characterization of PSC by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 294
8.6 Conclusions 299
Acknowledgments 299
References 300
9 Electron Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells 311
Fatemeh Jafari, Mehrad Ahmadpour, Um Kanta Aryal, Mariam Ahmad,Michela Prete, Naeimeh Torabi, Vida Turkovic, Horst-Günter Rubahn, AbbasBehjat, and Morten Madsen
9.1 Introduction 311
9.2 Requirements of Ideal Electron Transport Layers (ETL) 312
9.3 Overview of Electron Transport Materials 314
9.4 The Architectures of Perovskite Solar Cells 321
Acknowledgments 324
References 324
10 Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells 331
Meenakshi Pegu, Shahzada Ahmad, and Samrana Kazim
10.1 Introduction 331
10.2 Hole-Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells 334
10.3 Dopant-Free Organic HTMs for Perovskite Solar Cells 340
10.4 Conclusion and Outlook 356
Acknowledgments 356
List of Abbreviations 356
References 359
11 Impact of Monovalent Metal Halides on the Structural and Photophysical Properties of Halide Perovskite 369
Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi and M. Ibrahim Dar
11.1 Introduction 369
11.2 Metal Halides 369
11.3 Monovalent Metal Halides 370
11.4 Impact of Monovalent Metal Halides on the Morphological, Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Perovskites 372
11.5 Impact of Monovalent Metal Halides on Photovoltaic Device Characterizations 378
References 384
12 Charge Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Solar Cells 389
Mohd T. Khan, Abdullah Almohammedi, Samrana Kazim, and Shahzada Ahmad
12.1 Introduction 389
12.2 Space Charge-Limited Conduction 390
12.3 Immitance Spectroscopy 395
12.4 Transient Spectroscopy 413
12.5 Conclusion 423
Acknowledgments 424
References 424
13 Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells 431
Daiyu Li, Yaoguang Rong, Yue Hu, Anyi Mei, and Hongwei Han
13.1 Introduction 431
13.2 Device Structures and Working Principles 432
13.3 Progress of Efficiency and Stability 433
13.4 Scaling-up of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells 438
13.5 Conclusions 449
References 449
14 Upscaling of Perovskite Photovoltaics 453
Dongju Jang, Fu Yang, Lirong Dong, Christoph J. Brabec, and Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
14.1 Introduction 453
14.2 Techniques for Upscaling 457
14.3 State-of-the-art of Large-Area High-Quality Perovskite Devices 467
14.4 Strategies of Upscaling of Perovskite Devices 471
14.5 Module Layout 481
14.6 Lifetime Aspects 484
14.7 Summary and Outlook 486
References 489
15 Scalable Architectures and Fabrication Processes of Perovskite Solar Cell Technology 497
Ghufran S. Hashmi
15.1 Background 497
15.2 Scalable Device Designs of Perovskite Solar Cells 501
15.3 Critical Overview on Scalable Materials Deposition Methods 509
15.4 Nutshell of Long-Term Device Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules 513
15.5 Conclusive Summary and Futuristic Outlook 514
References 515
16 Multi-Junction Perovskite Solar Cells 521
Suhas Mahesh and Bernard Wenger
16.1 Introduction 521
16.2 Perovskite-Silicon Tandems 529
16.3 Perovskite-Perovskite Tandems 536
16.4 Characterizing Tandems 538
16.5 Commercialization 539
16.6 Outlook 542
References 543
Index 549
