Full Description
This ready reference not only presents the hot and emerging topic of modern flow chemistry, it is also unique in illustrating the important connection to sustainable chemistry.
Focusing on more sustainable methods and applications, the text extensively covers every important field from reaction time optimization to waste minimization, and
from safety improvements to microwave applications. In addition, green metrics are presented as a key aspect of the book, helping readers to evaluate the efficiency of
flow technologies and their impact on the overall efficiency of a chemical process.
An invaluable handbook for every chemist working in the laboratory, whether in academia or industry.
Contents
Foreword
FLOW PHOTOCHEMISTRY - A GREEN TECHNOLOGY WITH A BRIGHT FUTURE
Introduction to Synthetic Organic Photochemistry
Conventional Batch Photochemistry
Continuous-Flow Chemistry
Selected Examples of Photochemical Reactions under Flow Conditions
Summary, Conclusion, and Outlook
CONTINUOUS FLOW SYNTHESIS USING RECYCLABLE REACTION MEDIA
Introduction
Continuous Flow Reactions Using an Ionic Liquid
Continuous Flow Reactions Using a Fluorous Solvent
Conclusions
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF H2O2 IN FLOW REACTORS
Introduction
The Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen in Flow Process with Microtechnology
Application of Hydrogen Peroxide in Microreactors
Conclusions
SCALE-UP OF FLOW PROCESSES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Introduction
Stages of Pharmaceutical Development
Sustainability of Supply - The Role of Continuous Processing
Comparison of Batch to Continuous Large-Scale Processing
Scale-Up of a Flow Process
Flow Processes in the Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals: Examples of Scale-Up
Summary and Outlook on Future Scale-Up
ORGANIC SYNTHESIS IN FLOW: TOWARD HIGHER LEVELS OF SUSTAINABILITY
Introduction
Semi-Automated Optimization
Self-Optimizing Microreactor Systems
Sustainability in Microreactor Technology
Conclusion
SUSTAINABLE FLOW CHEMISTRY IN DRUG DISCOVERY
Introduction
Laboratory Equipment
Advantages of Improved Sustainability
Sustainable Drug Discovery
Conclusions and Outlook
FLOW TOOLS TO DEFINE WASTE/TIME/ENERGY-MINIMIZED PROTOCOLS
Introduction
Minimization of Solvents and Reuse of Catalytic Systems
Time/Cost/Energy Saving Examples Using Flow Approach
Conclusions
THE APPLICATION OF FLOW CHEMISTRY IN THE USE OF HIGHLY REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES AND REAGENTS
Introduction
Hydrogenation Reactions in Flow
Carbonylation in Flow
Organometallic Reagents in Flow
Synthesis of Azides and Diazoacetates in Flow
The Use of Flow Reactors to Prepare Unstable Intermediates Using Photochemistry
The Use of Flow Reactors to Prepare Unstable Intermediates Using Electrochemistry
Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation in Flow
Conclusions
NONCONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES IN SUSTAINABLE FLOW CHEMISTRY
Introduction
Microwave-Assisted Flow Chemistry
Inductive Heating in Flow Chemistry
Sonochemistry in Flow Chemistry
Organic Electrochemistry in Flow Chemistry
Conclusions
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF FLOW CHEMISTRY PROCESSES
Introduction
Environmental Sustainability Assessment
Flow Processes LCA Case Studies
Conclusions
SOLIDS IN CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS FOR SPECIALTY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESES
Introduction
Mechanisms of Solids Formation in Flow Reactors
Manufacture of Solids in Flow: Soft Particles and APIs
Use of Solids Suspension Catalyst in Flow
Avoiding Blockage of Flow Reactors by Insoluble By-Products: Flow Focusing
Green Engineering Aspects
Index
