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Full Description
Addressing the two hot topics of what to do with the growing inflow of waste and how to convert it into energy with minimal impact on the environment, this is a timely approach using computational fluid dynamics, optimization and process integration. In each case, this practical work studies energy efficiency and saving options using advanced process and heat integration methodology, evaluating the pros and cons of the solution options presented, before testing them in case studies. Each main chapter concludes with a working session is encouraging readers to test their knowledge by solving a simple problem-related case study. Additionally, one whole section on life cycle assessment analyzes the overall impact on the environment. The whole is rounded off by a look at recent developments in the methodology and equipment, as well as future trends.
Contents
INTRODUCTION: WASTE: GENERATION AND TREATMENT
GENERAL FEATURES OF WASTE AND WASTE PROCESSING
Municipal Solid Waste Treatment
Municipal Liquid Waste Treatment
Industrial Waste Treatment
Hazardous Waste Treatment
WASTE PROCESSING
Recycling
Non-Thermal
Thermal
Combination
Utilization of Residues
THERMAL TREATMENT OF WASTE
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Technology for Incineration
WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL AND RENEWABLE FUEL
Specific Areas
Industrial Sludge
Municipal Sludge
Mixtures: Textile, Plastics etc
EMISSIONS AND EFFLUENTS FROM PROCESSING WASTE
Off-Gas Emissions
Solid Residues
Selection of Methods of Emissions Treatment
Waste Gas Treatment and Off-Gas Cleaning
Prediction and Minimization of Greenhouse Gases and NOx Generation
SELECTION OF BEST AVAILABLE AND BEST APPLICABLE TECHNOLOGY
General Criteria of Technology Selection
Specific Criteria and Procedure of Choice
Technology Application Examples
Research Tools: Theory and Modeling, Experiment, Data from Industry
Fields of Research: Processes and Equipment
Industrial Practice vs. Research
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
Scope and Goal Definition
Definition of the Boundaries
Inventory Analysis
Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Scenarios and Major Assumptions
Impact Assessment Methods
Limitations and Summarized Conclusions
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE METHODOLOGY
Advanced Optimization
Process Integration
Process Control
Alternative Fuel Burning
Processing Waste as Alternative Fuel
Design of Advanced Waste Processing Systems
Modeling and Simulation
Thermal and Hydraulic Design
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF EQUIPMENT
Operation Optimization of Rotary Kiln
Secondary Combustion Chambers
Low-NOx Burners
Heat Recovery System
Dioxin Filter
Wet Scrubbing (O-Element)
FUTURE TRENDS
Regional Waste to Energy Centre
Selection of Processes for Optimum Waste Processing
CONCLUSIONS
Appendix: Examples of Industrial Applications
